COVID-19 Vaccination, Herd Immunity and The Transition Toward Normalcy: Challenges with The Upcoming Sports Events

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Annals of Applied Sport Science Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI:10.29252/aassjournal.1032

I. Dergaa, H. Abdelrahman, A. Varma, N. Yousfi, A. Souissi, A. Ghram, A. Hammad, E. Musa, M. Taheri, K. Irandoust, H. Chtourou, M. Rafiei, M. Ghasemi, S. Farzian

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引用次数: 26

Abstract

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented and daunting challenge for humanity to survive. This has also affected the sporting events across the globe as the majority of the tournaments have been cancelled or postponed as a result. For life to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, an effective and safe vaccination program needs to be implemented, be readily accessible, widely available, and affordable at the same time. Objectives. In this review, we analyze various challenges which demonstrate that COVID-19 is far from over.Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, google scholar and Scopus from the commencement of the COVID-19 pandemic to 22 June 2021. The current report is a summary of data regarding challenges faced by the COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the challenges for a transition toward normalcy especially for big sports events. Results. The current COVID-19 pandemic has likely resulted in sporting events and tournaments being canceled, postponed, or held without or with restricted spectators around the world. A combination of measures including prompt vaccination with the beneficial impact of the vaccines in reducing the severity of disease, advances in treatment, expanded use of diagnostics and better implementation of public-health policies are a necessity. Following this implementation, a transition toward normality could be expected when the mortality rate of COVID-19 simulates the average influenza statistics, with public-health measures continuing to play an important role worldwide. Conclusion. The authors believe that COVID-19 will be endemic in the human population, similar to seasonal influenza, and that COVID-19 vaccines will be included as an add-on to seasonal influenza vaccinations, being administered every winter for at least the next few decades. With adequate vaccination, the sporting world will be able to withstand the challenges and resume global events, returning to pre-Covid levels of normalcy.

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COVID-19疫苗接种，群体免疫和向正常过渡:即将到来的体育赛事的挑战

背景。由严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS-CoV-2)引起的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行，给人类的生存带来了前所未有的严峻挑战。这也影响了全球的体育赛事，因为大多数比赛因此被取消或推迟。为了使生活恢复到大流行前的正常水平，需要实施有效和安全的疫苗接种规划，同时使其易于获得、广泛获得和负担得起。目标。在这篇综述中，我们分析了各种挑战，表明COVID-19远未结束。从2019冠状病毒病大流行开始至2021年6月22日，在PubMed、ScienceDirect、Medline、谷歌scholar和Scopus上进行了系统的文献检索。本报告总结了有关COVID-19疫苗接种运动面临的挑战以及向正常状态过渡(特别是大型体育赛事)所面临的挑战的数据。结果。目前的COVID-19大流行可能导致世界各地的体育赛事和锦标赛被取消、推迟，或在没有观众或限制观众的情况下举行。必须采取一系列措施，包括及时接种疫苗，使疫苗在减轻疾病严重程度方面发挥有益作用，提高治疗水平，扩大诊断方法的使用，以及更好地执行公共卫生政策。在实施这一措施后，当COVID-19的死亡率与流感的平均统计数字接近时，公共卫生措施将继续在全球发挥重要作用，预计将向正常状态过渡。结论。作者认为，COVID-19将在人群中流行，类似于季节性流感，COVID-19疫苗将作为季节性流感疫苗的补充，至少在未来几十年里每年冬天都要接种。有了充分的疫苗接种，体育界将能够抵御挑战，恢复全球赛事，恢复到疫情前的正常水平。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Applied Sport Science HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： The editorial policy of The Annals of Applied Sport Science (Ann. Appl. Sport Sci.) follows the multi-disciplinary purposes of the sports science to promote the highest standards of scientific study referring to the following fields: • Sport Physiology and its related branches, • Sport Management and its related branches, • Kinesiology and Sport medicine and its related branches, • Sport Psychology and its related branches, • Motor Control and its related branches, • Sport Biomechanics and its related branches, • Sociology of Sport and its related branches, • History of Sport and its related branches, • Exercise, Training, Physical Activity and Health, • Physical Education and Learning. The emphasis of the journal is on the human sciences, broadly defined, and applied to sport and exercise that is defined inclusively to refer to all forms of human movement that aim to maintain or improve physical and mental well-being, create or improve social relationships, or obtain results in competition at all levels. The animal projects also can be evaluated with the decision of Editorial Boards.