Maternal Breastfeeding Methods, Breastmilk-Derived Antibodies and Cells Concentrations and Their Impact on Infant Morbidity: Results from a Prospective Cohort in Southern Benin

G. A. Lokossou, Pierre B Adjevi, Omar AK Maladé, Syeda Baneen Fatima, Muhammad Ayub Mansoor
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Abstract

Breastfeeding is associated with long-term well-being including low risks for infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. However, very few studies assessed the real-impact of different methods of breastfeeding on infant morbidity in low-income countries such as Benin. Our study aimed to evaluate the dynamic change of immune components and the impact on infant morbidity among Beninese children population. Seventy-six children and their mothers were enrolled in colostrum, transitional and mature milk groups at the District Hospital of Comè in Bénin. Breast milk samples were collected one-time from mothers to assess total IgA, IgG and IgM and leukocytes by using spectrophotometry and level of microscopy, respectively. Mean or proportion comparisons were appreciated using a Mann-Whitney or Fisher’s exact tests, when appropriate. Forty (54.63%), six (7.89%) and thirty (39.47%) mother-infant pairs were enrolled in colostrum, transitional and mature milk groups respectively. The total number of leucocytes and antibodies were different in colostrum, transitional and mature milk. The prevalence of breastfeeding was 90.79% (n=69) in the population with 69.74% (n=53) of exclusive breastfed. Forty-five infants (84.91%) among exclusively breastfed infants were healthy whereas 4 (25%) among mixed breastfed infants and 4 (57.14%) among formula group were healthy (p=0.001). The total leucocytes count and IgA, IgG and IgM concentration decreases from colostrum through transition milk to mature milk. Our data showed a prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding which is associated to a positive clinical outcome on infant’s health. We have also confirmed decrease of antibodies and leucocytes during the maturation of breast milk.
母亲母乳喂养方法,母乳来源的抗体和细胞浓度及其对婴儿发病率的影响:来自贝宁南部前瞻性队列的结果
母乳喂养与长期健康相关,包括儿童时期感染性疾病和非传染性疾病(如哮喘、癌症、自身免疫性疾病和肥胖)的风险较低。然而,很少有研究评估不同母乳喂养方法对贝宁等低收入国家婴儿发病率的实际影响。我们的研究旨在评估贝宁儿童群体免疫成分的动态变化及其对婴儿发病率的影响。76名儿童及其母亲被纳入科明贝宁地区医院的初乳、过渡期和成熟乳组。从母亲身上一次性采集母乳样本,分别使用分光光度法和显微镜水平评估总IgA、IgG和IgM以及白细胞。在适当的情况下,使用Mann-Whitney或Fisher精确检验对平均值或比例进行比较。40对(54.63%)、6对(7.89%)和30对(39.47%)母婴分别被纳入初乳组、过渡乳组和成熟乳组。初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳的白细胞总数和抗体总数不同。母乳喂养的患病率为90.79%(n=69),其中69.74%(n=53)为纯母乳喂养。纯母乳喂养婴儿中有45名婴儿(84.91%)健康,混合母乳喂养婴儿有4名婴儿(25%)健康,配方奶粉组有4名(57.14%)健康(p=0.001)。我们的数据显示,纯母乳喂养的患病率与婴儿健康的积极临床结果有关。我们还证实了母乳成熟过程中抗体和白细胞的减少。
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