Post-Spring Frost Canopy Recovery, Vine Balance, and Fruit Composition in cv. Barbera Grapevines

IF 2.5 3区农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI:10.1155/2022/6596021

F. Del Zozzo, Ginevra Canavera, Silvia Pagani, M. Gatti, S. Poni, T. Frioni

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Abstract

Background and Aims. In viticulture, one of the effects of warming trends is the advance of budburst date and the consequent increased risk of spring frost-related damage. In 2021, severe frost events affected a large fraction of European viticulture. In a cv. Barbera vineyard, located in NW Italy, primary bud shoots (PBS), secondary bud shoots (SBS), and suckers (SK) were tagged after the occurrence of freezing temperatures in spring. The goal of the study was to clarify if SBS could partially restore yield loss and analyze their contribution to fruit composition. Methods and Results. The number of developing SBS and SK correlated with the number of killed PBS. While PBS bore 1.44 inflorescences per shoot, SBS had much lower fertility (0.4), with SK at intermediate levels (0.85). The vine yield was 40% of the previous season, with SBS bunches contributing just 17% of the total. SBS produced smaller and looser bunches, as compared with PBS (−28% mass and −27% compactness). At harvest, no difference was found in grape total soluble solids (TSS) among different shoot types. However, the TSS average was notably higher than that observed in the previous season (27.8°Brix vs. 23.3°Brix in 2020). Interestingly, while in PBS and SK, a direct correlation (linear and quadratic, respectively) existed between the leaf area to yield ratio (LA/Y) and grape TSS or total anthocyanins, this did not occur for SBS. Conclusions. In the case of spring frost damage, the number of PBS avoiding fatal injuries will drive agronomic results at harvest since SBS contribution to total yield is modest due to low shoot fruitfulness. The frost-induced increase in vine LA/Y leads to a dramatic rise in grape TSS and phenolics. Significance of the Study. When spring frosts kill a significant number of primary shoots, an altered grape composition at harvest should be expected due to changes in vine balance. Therefore, the vineyard management should be adjusted accordingly early in the season. Further studies are needed to test specific post-frost canopy management strategies ensuring yield, optimal fruit composition, and cane renewal.

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Barbera葡萄品种春后霜冠层恢复、葡萄平衡和果实组成

背景和目的。在葡萄栽培中，变暖趋势的影响之一是芽爆裂日期的提前，从而增加了春季霜冻相关损害的风险。2021年，严重的霜冻事件影响了大部分欧洲葡萄栽培。在位于意大利西北部的Barbera葡萄园中，在春季出现冰冻温度后，对初芽芽（PBS）、次芽芽（SBS）和吸盘（SK）进行标记。本研究的目的是阐明SBS是否可以部分恢复产量损失，并分析其对果实组成的贡献。方法和结果。SBS和SK的显影次数与PBS的杀伤次数相关。虽然PBS每芽有1.44个花序，但SBS的肥力要低得多（0.4），SK处于中等水平（0.85）。葡萄产量为上一季的40%，SBS束仅占总产量的17%。与PBS（−28%质量和−27%压实度）相比，SBS产生更小、更松散的束。在收获时，不同地上部类型的葡萄总可溶性固形物（TSS）没有差异。然而，TSS的平均值明显高于上一季（27.8°Brix，而2020年为23.3°Brix）。有趣的是，在PBS和SK中，叶面积与产量比（LA/Y）与葡萄TSS或总花青素之间存在直接相关性（分别为线性和二次型），而SBS则没有这种相关性。结论。在春季霜冻的情况下，避免致命伤害的PBS的数量将推动收获时的农艺结果，因为SBS对总产量的贡献是适度的，因为枝条的结实率较低。霜冻引起的葡萄LA/Y的增加导致葡萄TSS和酚类物质的急剧增加。研究的意义。当春季霜冻导致大量初梢死亡时，由于葡萄藤平衡的变化，预计收获时葡萄成分会发生变化。因此，葡萄园的管理应该在季节的早期进行相应的调整。需要进一步的研究来测试特定的霜后冠层管理策略，以确保产量、最佳果实成分和甘蔗更新。

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来源期刊

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research provides a forum for the exchange of information about new and significant research in viticulture, oenology and related fields, and aims to promote these disciplines throughout the world. The Journal publishes results from original research in all areas of viticulture and oenology. This includes issues relating to wine, table and drying grape production; grapevine and rootstock biology, genetics, diseases and improvement; viticultural practices; juice and wine production technologies; vine and wine microbiology; quality effects of processing, packaging and inputs; wine chemistry; sensory science and consumer preferences; and environmental impacts of grape and wine production. Research related to other fermented or distilled beverages may also be considered. In addition to full-length research papers and review articles, short research or technical papers presenting new and highly topical information derived from a complete study (i.e. not preliminary data) may also be published. Special features and supplementary issues comprising the proceedings of workshops and conferences will appear periodically.