Influence of cultivation background intensification on spring wheat productivity in the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia

Abstract

This paper presents the results of studying the role of cultivation background intensification in the formation of productivity and yield structure of spring wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 41, Novosibirskaya 15 and Altayskaya 75 in the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia. The influence rate of crop rotation steam link using  a full range of modern means of protection and fertilization on the elements of the yield structure of soft spring wheat and its variations were determined. The cultivation background providing the greatest positive response in crop productivity formation was also established. New varieties, in comparison with previously zoned ones, are able to use moisture, and also the elements of mineral nutrition and other factors of plant life are more productively. However, there are no universal varieties that are equally suitable for all backgrounds and conditions. Therefore, the identification of the productivity potential, the norms of new variety reaction to intensification factors in modern conditions of climate change, is the most important condition for the development of varietal technologies, improving the techniques and methods of grain crop productivity management. Under the conditions of the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with the intensification of the crop rotation steam link, such productivity elements as the length of the main plant, the length of an ear and the number of spikelets in an ear of the studied varieties of spring wheat vary within weak and medium limits. Their variation coefficient ranges from 2-6% to 16-17%. It is best to intensify such indicators as productive tillering (Cv 14-38%) and the amount of grain in an ear (Cv 11-28%) within this zone. These elements respond well to the control of the phytosanitary state of crops using herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. The varieties of spring soft wheat Altayskaya 75 and Novosibirskaya 41, with the use of pesticides and ammonium nitrate, can increase the grain content of an ear by 2 times (by 17.7 pieces), and the number of spikelets in an ear by 1.5 times (by 5.7 pieces). The varieties Novosibirskaya 15 and Novosibirskaya 29, when applying nitrogen fertilizers and a full range of protective equipment, increase the productive bushiness from 1.1 to 2.2.