Adipose-derived stem cells and their microenvironment (Niche) in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The number of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is continuously rising globally. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which contains adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs), is an alternative therapy that is developed to overcome T2DM. T2DM changes adipose tissue microenvironment (niche) by increasing blood glucose level, oxidative stress and hypoxia, which increase the risk factors of inflammation that leads to remodelling of microenvironment (niche) that may have an impact on various cells in adipose tissue, including ASCs. Therefore, autologous SVF quality might be influenced by diabetes condition through its microenvironment. In this review, we addressed the main function of adipose tissue that includes adipogenesis, microenvironment of ASCs, and SVF in T2DM.