Chemical fragmentation of stream systems and fish species richness: The upstream effects of water pollution

IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Freshwater Science Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI:10.1086/722102
A. Turner
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The loading of chemical pollutants into stream systems can result in isolation of aquatic communities upstream of the discharge. Ecological theory suggests that isolation will result in species richness losses, but this potential indirect effect of stream pollution is not widely studied. Here, I present a study of fish assemblage structure in watersheds that have been longitudinally fragmented by abandoned mine drainage. A number of headwater streams in the Clarion River watershed of the upper Ohio River Basin, Pennsylvania, USA, have escaped any direct effects of abandoned mine drainage but have been isolated by severe pollution lower in the watershed. I evaluated the effects of watershed fragmentation on fish species richness, composition, and abundance by comparing the fish assemblages of 22 headwater streams embedded in watersheds receiving mine effluent with the assemblages of 34 reference streams with no apparent blockages to dispersal. I used a general linear model to evaluate the effect of isolation on species richness while accounting for stream size and water quality. I also used non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational analysis of variance to evaluate differences in fish species composition between isolated and reference streams. Controlling for the effect of stream size, reference streams had a mean richness of 3.63 species (±0.27 SE), but isolated streams had a mean species richness of just 1.02 (±0.33), a 3.5× difference. Species occupying isolated stream systems were a nested subset of fish species in reference streams. Species composition also differed between isolated and reference streams, with higher relative abundance of Creek Chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus [Mitchill, 1818]) and lower relative abundances of Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdii Girard, 1850) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis [Mitchill, 1814]) in isolated streams. These results illustrate an important indirect effect of water pollution in dendritic watersheds and provide evidence for the importance of connectivity in maintaining aquatic biodiversity.
河流系统的化学破碎化与鱼类物种丰富度:水污染的上游效应
化学污染物进入河流系统的负荷会导致排放物上游水生群落的隔离。生态学理论认为,隔离会导致物种丰富度的丧失,但这种潜在的间接影响尚未得到广泛研究。在这里,我提出了一个鱼类组合结构的研究,在流域已被废弃的矿井排水纵向破碎。美国宾夕法尼亚州俄亥俄河上游克拉里昂河流域的一些源头溪流没有受到废弃矿井排水的任何直接影响,但由于流域下游的严重污染而与之隔绝。我通过比较22条嵌入在接收矿井废水的流域的源头溪流和34条没有明显阻碍扩散的参考溪流的鱼类组合,评估了流域破碎化对鱼类物种丰富度、组成和丰度的影响。在考虑河流大小和水质的情况下,采用一般线性模型评估隔离对物种丰富度的影响。我还使用非度量多维尺度和置换方差分析来评估孤立和参考溪流之间鱼类种类组成的差异。在控制河流大小的影响下,参考河流的平均物种丰富度为3.63(±0.27 SE),而孤立河流的平均物种丰富度仅为1.02(±0.33 SE),差异为3.5倍。占据孤立溪流系统的物种是参考溪流中鱼类的一个嵌套子集。物种组成在孤立溪流和参考溪流之间也存在差异,在孤立溪流中,溪鲈(Semotilus atromaculatus [Mitchill, 1818])的相对丰度较高,而斑纹鱼(Cottus bairdii Girard, 1850)和溪鳟(Salvelinus fontinalis [Mitchill, 1814])的相对丰度较低。这些结果说明了树突状流域水污染的重要间接影响,并为连通性在维持水生生物多样性中的重要性提供了证据。
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来源期刊
Freshwater Science
Freshwater Science ECOLOGY-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Freshwater Science (FWS) publishes articles that advance understanding and environmental stewardship of all types of inland aquatic ecosystems (lakes, rivers, streams, reservoirs, subterranean, and estuaries) and ecosystems at the interface between aquatic and terrestrial habitats (wetlands, riparian areas, and floodplains). The journal regularly features papers on a wide range of topics, including physical, chemical, and biological properties of lentic and lotic habitats; ecosystem processes; structure and dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems; ecology, systematics, and genetics of freshwater organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates; linkages between freshwater and other ecosystems and between freshwater ecology and other aquatic sciences; bioassessment, conservation, and restoration; environmental management; and new or novel methods for basic or applied research.
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