Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalysed by agro-waste extract as a greener solvent catalyst

Abstract

This paper present a novel Knoevenagel reaction protocol for the condensation of aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes with malononitrile to give α, β–unsaturated benzylidene derivatives. The main focus of this work is to reveal the usability of agro-waste extracts as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation. The present protocol proceeds efficiently for various substituted aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes in the Knoevenagel reactions. In addition, the present method describes direct isolation of the formed products without using organic solvent extraction gave good yields product.