Properties and Analysis of Liquid Alternative Fuels II: Alcohols and Ethers

Q4 Energy

Paliva Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI:10.35933/paliva.2023.01.01

Martin Staš, L. Matějovský, Z. Mužíková, J. Kroufek, P. Šimáček

{"title":"Properties and Analysis of Liquid Alternative Fuels II: Alcohols and Ethers","authors":"Martin Staš, L. Matějovský, Z. Mužíková, J. Kroufek, P. Šimáček","doi":"10.35933/paliva.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The importance of alternative fuels and their share in total energy consumption is constantly growing. The reason is, on the one hand, the saving of the gradually decreasing reserves of fossil fuels and also the effort to gradually reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other harmful substances. This article is another in a series of articles focused on an overview of the technical requirements and possibilities for testing alternative fuels. These articles aim to provide an overview of the required properties of individual alternative fuels, an overview of the prescribed analytical tests, and explain their relevance. This article focuses on liquid alternative fuels containing ethanol.\nEthanol is currently the most widespread alternative oxygen fuel and, at the same time, also a biofuel. In pure form (E100), ethanol is used only exceptionally. Far more often, it is used as a bio-component of gasoline fuels.\nThis article provides an overview of the technical requirements prescribed by legislation and relevant standards for ethanol for blending into gasoline fuels, and fuels containing ethanol. From ethanol-gasoline blends, E5, E10, and E85 are discussed. In addition, E95 fuel is discussed as well. The article also presents prescribed analytical tests for monitoring the quality of these fuels, or fuel components.\nGenerally, in ethanol fuels or pure ethanol according to EN 15376, the composition is mostly analysed by GC. GC analysis determines the content of main and secondary oxygen components and/or the content of other impurities. In addition, the water content, total acidity, chloride and sulfate content, non-volatile impurities content, and the content of selected metallic and non-metallic elements, especially sulfur, are monitored in these matrices. For fuels intended for combustion in gasoline engines (E5, E10, and E85), important monitored parameters are also vapor pressure, oxidation stability, as well as density and corrosion on copper.","PeriodicalId":36809,"journal":{"name":"Paliva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Paliva","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.35933/paliva.2023.01.01","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Energy","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The importance of alternative fuels and their share in total energy consumption is constantly growing. The reason is, on the one hand, the saving of the gradually decreasing reserves of fossil fuels and also the effort to gradually reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other harmful substances. This article is another in a series of articles focused on an overview of the technical requirements and possibilities for testing alternative fuels. These articles aim to provide an overview of the required properties of individual alternative fuels, an overview of the prescribed analytical tests, and explain their relevance. This article focuses on liquid alternative fuels containing ethanol. Ethanol is currently the most widespread alternative oxygen fuel and, at the same time, also a biofuel. In pure form (E100), ethanol is used only exceptionally. Far more often, it is used as a bio-component of gasoline fuels. This article provides an overview of the technical requirements prescribed by legislation and relevant standards for ethanol for blending into gasoline fuels, and fuels containing ethanol. From ethanol-gasoline blends, E5, E10, and E85 are discussed. In addition, E95 fuel is discussed as well. The article also presents prescribed analytical tests for monitoring the quality of these fuels, or fuel components. Generally, in ethanol fuels or pure ethanol according to EN 15376, the composition is mostly analysed by GC. GC analysis determines the content of main and secondary oxygen components and/or the content of other impurities. In addition, the water content, total acidity, chloride and sulfate content, non-volatile impurities content, and the content of selected metallic and non-metallic elements, especially sulfur, are monitored in these matrices. For fuels intended for combustion in gasoline engines (E5, E10, and E85), important monitored parameters are also vapor pressure, oxidation stability, as well as density and corrosion on copper.

查看原文本刊更多论文

液体替代燃料的性质与分析II:醇类和醚类

替代燃料的重要性及其在总能源消费中的份额不断增加。原因是，一方面是为了节省逐渐减少的化石燃料储备，同时也是为了努力逐渐减少二氧化碳和其他有害物质的排放。本文是系列文章中的另一篇，重点概述了测试替代燃料的技术要求和可能性。这些文章旨在概述各种替代燃料所需的特性，概述规定的分析试验，并解释其相关性。本文主要介绍含乙醇的液体替代燃料。乙醇是目前应用最广泛的替代氧燃料，同时也是一种生物燃料。在纯形式(E100)中，乙醇仅在特殊情况下使用。更常见的是，它被用作汽油燃料的生物成分。本文概述了立法和有关标准对汽油燃料和含乙醇燃料中乙醇的技术要求。从乙醇-汽油混合物中，讨论了E5、E10和E85。此外，还对E95燃料进行了讨论。本文还提出了监测这些燃料或燃料成分质量的规定分析试验。通常，根据en15376，在乙醇燃料或纯乙醇中，成分主要通过气相色谱分析。气相色谱分析测定主氧和次氧组分的含量和/或其他杂质的含量。此外，还监测了这些基质中的含水量、总酸度、氯化物和硫酸盐含量、非挥发性杂质含量以及选定的金属和非金属元素，特别是硫的含量。对于用于汽油发动机燃烧的燃料(E5, E10和E85)，重要的监测参数还包括蒸气压，氧化稳定性以及铜的密度和腐蚀。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Paliva Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

CiteScore

0.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量