The occurrence and genesis of transfer traces in forensic science: a structured knowledge database

Abstract

Abstract While forensic science is generally focused on associating a trace to its source, trace’s relevance is best addressed at the activity responsible for its genesis. Recurring studies show the potential of the Bayesian approach in order to address activity level’s propositions in a rational and transparent manner. The objective of this research is to identify and review literature and models for transfer traces to create a relevant database for activity level interpretation. As of December 17th, 2020, a thorough review of 2042 existing peer-reviewed publications and studies concerning transfer traces has been conducted. The data have been classified by different criteria such as, the type of trace, year of publication, and type of study (i.e. population). Every publication has been critically analyzed according to its relevance, among others, with regards to a Canadian environment. This process identified research that needed to be completed. A database collecting publication and data on activity level assessment has been created. This database is available for consultation to laboratories, police agencies, lawyers and universities, thus contributing to the transparency of the expert opinion.