Modeling of the relocation of high-tech enterprises for the release of innovative products

Abstract

A multivariate task related to the modeling of high-tech enterprises relocation under new challenges and threats is described and solved. The relevance of the study is related to the complex solution of the complex task of moving a high-tech enterprise to a new location for the production of competitive products. The purpose of the publication is to present the created set of models that allow: to justify the choice of the location (locations) of the enterprise; to form a set of suppliers of components, considering long logistics chains; and to research the relocation of a high-tech enterprise in a special period related to martial law. The existing problems of the relocation of high-tech enterprises are analyzed: the change in the political and economic conditions of global and local production; existing long logistics supply chains of components that have vulnerabilities and are triggered when threats appear; the problem of the location of distributed production in a large area; economic losses due to complex distributed logistics of supply of components; many manufacturers of components that provide the main production process; the problem of relocation (evacuation) of enterprises in a special period, in the conditions of martial law. The model for choosing a new location for the enterprise is proposed, considering contradictory indicators: the cost (rent) of land plots for the location of the enterprise; territory preparation for the location of the enterprise; logistics costs for the enterprise moving; expenses for training (retraining) of workers; relocation project risks; etc. Taking into account the combinatorial nature of the task under consideration and the complexity of the location of the distributed enterprise (not in one, but in several locations), a model of rational placement of production was created. A method of choosing a set of suppliers of components for high-tech enterprises is developed; this method considers the length of logistics chains, the time spent on delivery, the quality of components produced by suppliers, and supply risks. A multi-criteria optimization model for choosing suppliers is created, considering some contradictory indicators. The model of relocation (evacuation) of a high-tech enterprise in a special period, in the conditions of wartime threats and risks of moving technological equipment, is proposed. A simulation model is developed to study the logistics of enterprise relocation in the form of an agent-based representation; this model simulates the events associated with the sequence of relocation actions: dismantling of technological equipment, transportation of equipment, and installation of enterprise subsystems. The emergence of threats and the consequences of their actions, which are associated with a violation of the logistics of moving the enterprise, are simulated. An illustrated example of the study of enterprise relocation in the conditions of the emergence of threats and the cessation of technological equipment movement, which leads to the search for new routes with minimal transportation risks, is given. The scientific novelty of the study is associated with the development of a complex of original optimization models, an agent-based simulation model, which allows for a scientifically justified forming requirements for the relocation of a high-tech enterprise to a new location, for ensuring the reduction of long logistics chains for the supply of components, for minimization logistics costs,  for the formation of relatively dangerous logistics channels and supply routes, for minimization of risks in the conditions of new challenges and threats of a political and economic nature. The results of the study should be used for planning the relocation project of a high-tech enterprise, for the formation of measures and actions related to the relocation of a high-tech enterprise, for the creation of new safe logistics supply chains, and for the evacuation of the enterprise in a special period.