Efficacy of Different Anaesthetics on Depth of Anaesthesia and Hematological Parameters of Pigs

R. Link, P. Reichel, Jana Oslancova
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Abstract

Four groups of piglets were included in the experiment. In each of the experiments, we applied azaperone as the first premedication drug in the 2nd group 4 mg/kg body weight and in the other groups 5 mg/kg body weight. In experiment no. 1, we subsequently administered diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) to the piglets. In experiment no. 2, we applied xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.m.). In experiment no. 3 we used diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.m.), xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.). In experiment no. 4, we administered xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.) to piglets. We applied the mentioned drug combinations intramuscularly in the area of ​​the neck muscles. Subsequently, in each of the experiments, we performed epidural anesthesia using 2% lidocaine, in a dose of 1 ml/40 cm of body length. After putting the animals under anesthesia, we recorded breathing and pulse frequencies, body temperature and checked reflex responses at time intervals. We performed a zero blood collection before the application of the first drug, the first collection after anesthesia and then a second collection the next day, in order to determine the hematological profile. From the conducted experiments, we assessed the relationship of the used combinations of substances to the course and depth of anesthesia and, according to the hematological profile, we evaluated the effect of these substances on specific hematological parameters. We recorded the longest duration of anesthesia in the first experiment when one of the piglets had disappeared pedal reflexes even after 90 minutes. On the contrary, the shortest anesthesia was during the third experiment, when all piglets reacted 60 minutes post-lidocaine. During experiments 1 and 3, we noticed a significant drop in body temperature compared to the reference values. In a short time interval after the lidocaine administration, the reflex of the pelvic limbs completely disappeared in all tested subjects in each of the experiments.  In experiment no. 3, at time 5 minutes post lidocaine administration, the nasal reflex and the reflex of the forelegs were also negative in all animals. In all tested subjects, 30 minutes after the epidural anesthesia was performed, we observed a negative reflex of the pelvic legs during the second and third trials. During experiment no. 3, we also observed a negative nasal reflex and a reflex of the front legs in the majority of the tested animals in the mentioned time interval.
不同麻醉药对猪麻醉深度和血液学参数的影响
试验共设4组仔猪。在每个实验中,我们在第2组4 mg/kg体重,第2组5 mg/kg体重的情况下,将阿扎酮作为第一用药。在实验1中。1、随后给仔猪注射安定(1 mg/kg, ig)和氯胺酮(10 mg/kg, ig)。在实验1中。2、应用噻嗪(2 mg/kg, ig)和氯胺酮(20 mg/kg, ig)。在实验1中。使用安定(1mg /kg,灌胃)、噻嗪(2mg /kg,灌胃)和丁托啡诺(0.2 mg/kg,灌胃)。在实验1中。4、给仔猪注射噻嗪(2 mg/kg, ig)和丁托啡诺(0.2 mg/kg, ig)。我们将上述药物组合应用于颈部肌肉区肌内注射。随后,在每个实验中,我们使用2%利多卡因进行硬膜外麻醉,剂量为1ml / 40cm体长。在给动物麻醉后,我们每隔一段时间记录呼吸和脉搏频率、体温,并检查反射反应。我们在第一次用药前进行了零采血,麻醉后进行了第一次采血,第二天进行了第二次采血,以确定血液学特征。通过实验,我们评估了所使用的药物组合与麻醉过程和麻醉深度的关系,并根据血液学特征评估了这些药物对特定血液学参数的影响。我们在第一个实验中记录了最长的麻醉时间,其中一只小猪在90分钟后踏板反射消失。相反,麻醉时间最短的是在第三个实验期间,所有仔猪在利多卡因后反应60分钟。在实验1和3中,我们注意到与参考值相比,体温明显下降。在利多卡因给药后的短时间间隔内,所有被试的盆腔肢体反射在每次实验中均完全消失。在实验1中。3、利多卡因给药后5分钟,所有动物的鼻反射和前腿反射均为阴性。在所有受试者中,在硬膜外麻醉30分钟后,我们在第二次和第三次试验中观察到骨盆腿的负反射。实验期间,3、我们还观察到,在上述时间间隔内,大多数被试动物的鼻反射和前腿反射均为阴性。
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