Mathematical model of malaria transmission dynamics with distributed delay and a wide class of nonlinear incidence rates

Abstract

Abstract Generally, the infection process of most vector-borne diseases involves a latent period in both human hosts and vectors. With regards to other publications, Tian and Song have recently proposed an SIR-SI model to analyze the effects of the incubation period on a vector-borne disease with nonlinear transmission rate. But they were silent on the fact that the partially immune individuals are slightly infective to mosquitoes. So, by considering that the partially immune individuals remain slightly infective to mosquitoes, a similar work has been done in this paper for malaria global transmission dynamics following an SIRS-SI pattern. The basic reproduction ratio has been calculated using the next-generation matrix method. Furthermore, using the characteristic equations and inequality analytical techniques, conditions are given under which the system exhibits threshold behavior as follows: when R0 < 1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable meaning that the disease will eventually die out; and the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R0 > 1 meaning that the disease will persist. Finally, some numerical simulations have been performed to illustrate our theoretical results.