Onychoscopic features of nail in chronic plaque psoriasis: A cross-sectional study of 100 patients

Clinical Dermatology Review Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.4103/cdr.cdr_114_21

Abhishek S. Patokar, Chandrakant B. Poulkar, Nitin C Chaudhari, S. Khatu, Mahak Kukreja, G. Bhasin

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Abstract

Background: Nail involvement is a feature of 30%–50% of psoriasis patients. Only 5%–10% of patients have isolated nail psoriasis. Examination of the nail unit using a dermoscope is known as onychoscopy. The usefulness of onychoscopy in the early detection of nail psoriasis needs to be evaluated. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the onychoscopic features in chronic plaque psoriasis patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were recruited. Onychoscopy was performed, and results were compared with the same age- and sex-matched controls. The various onychoscopic features were assessed using the Chi-square test (P < 0.05 was considered significant). The statistical analysis was done using the application named Epi Info™. Results: Out of 100 psoriasis patients, 39 patients showed clinically evident nail involvement on the naked eye, whereas 64 patients showed nail involvement on onychoscopic examination. The mean age of patients observed in our study was 37.5 years. Out of 64 patients, 43 were male and 21 were female. Pitting was the most common finding seen in 55 (85.93% and P = 0.0001) patients, followed by transverse groove in 18 (28.12% and P = 0.025), subungual hyperkeratosis in 16 (25% and P = 0.035), nail plate crumbling in 16 (25% and P = 0.0009), and oil drop sign in 8 (12.5% and P = 0.010) patients. Only these five parameters were statistically significant. Furthermore, other findings observed were onycholysis in 7 (10.93% and P = 0.166), leukonychia in 12 (18.75% and P = 0.614), splinter hemorrhages in 8 (12.5% and P = 0.099), pseudo-fiber sign in 4 (6.25% and P = 0.127), lunular red spots in 3 (4.68% and P = 0.242), and dilated globose vessels were seen in 4 (6.25% and P = 0.127) patients. Conclusion: Onychoscopy is a useful noninvasive method to detect subclinical nail involvement, which may not be visible to the naked eye.

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慢性斑块型银屑病患者指甲的关节镜特征：100例患者的横断面研究

背景：指甲受累是30%-50%银屑病患者的特征。只有5%-10%的患者患有孤立性指甲银屑病。使用皮肤镜检查指甲单元被称为甲镜检查。指甲镜在早期检测指甲银屑病中的作用需要评估。目的：本研究的目的是描述慢性斑块型银屑病患者的甲镜特征。材料和方法：在这项横断面研究中，招募了100名慢性斑块型银屑病患者。进行了甲状腺镜检查，并将结果与相同年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行了比较。采用卡方检验对不同的甲镜特征进行评估（P<0.05被认为是显著的）。使用名为Epi-Info的应用程序进行统计分析™. 结果：在100名银屑病患者中，39名患者肉眼可见临床上明显的指甲受累，而64名患者经甲镜检查可见指甲受累。在我们的研究中观察到的患者平均年龄为37.5岁。64名患者中，43人为男性，21人为女性。点蚀是55例（85.93%，P=0.0001）患者中最常见的发现，其次是横沟18例（28.12%，P=0.025），甲下角化过度16例（25%，P=0.035），甲板碎裂16例（25%-0.0009），油滴征8例（12.5%，P=0.010）。只有这五个参数具有统计学意义。此外，观察到的其他发现有7例（10.93%，P=0.166），12例（18.75%，P=0.614），8例（12.5%，P=0.099），4例（6.25%，P=0.127）出现假纤维征，3例（4.68%，P=0.242。结论：甲状腺镜检查是一种有用的非侵入性方法，可以检测肉眼可能看不到的亚临床指甲受累。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Clinical Dermatology Review

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45 weeks