Complications of growing rod technique for early onset scoliosis

Abstract

Early onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as scoliosis occurring in children less than 10 years of age. The EOS is a separate entity of discussion as development of lungs is restricted due to restricted growth of the chest wall, unlike in adolescent scoliosis which is more of a cosmetic problem. Therefore, in EOS, control of deformity at early stage and growth of the spine should go hand-in-hand. The most favored option in recent era is growing rods which allow growth of the spine but in a controlled manner. However due to fusionless nature, these techniques have high rate of complications. The complications primarily include implant related, wound related, and anesthetic complications. Recently impact of multiple surgeries on psychology of developing child has been reported. This narrative reviews the literature about complications associated with growing rod surgeries in EOS.