Punishment in Modern Societies: The Prevalence and Causes of Incarceration Around the World

IF 6.3 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Annual Review of Criminology Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI:10.1146/annurev-criminol-022422-020311

John Clegg, S. Spitz, Adaner Usmani, Annalena Wolcke

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Abstract

The literature on the prevalence and causes of punishment has been dominated by research into the United States. Yet most of the world's prisoners live elsewhere, and the United States is no longer the country with the world's highest incarceration rate. This article considers what we know about the prevalence and causes of incarceration around the world. We focus on three features of incarceration: level, inequality, and severity. Existing comparative research offers many insights, but we identify methodological and theoretical shortcomings. Quantitative scholars are still content to draw causal inferences from correlations, partly because (like qualitative scholars) they are often limited to studying the present and the developed world. More data will allow better inferences. We close by defending the goal of building precise and generalizable theories of punishment. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 7 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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现代社会的惩罚：世界各地监禁的普遍性及其原因

关于惩罚的普遍性和原因的文献一直以对美国的研究为主。然而，世界上大多数囚犯生活在其他地方，美国不再是世界上监禁率最高的国家。这篇文章考虑了我们对世界各地监禁的流行程度和原因的了解。我们关注监禁的三个特征:水平、不平等和严重性。现有的比较研究提供了许多见解，但我们发现了方法和理论上的缺陷。定量学者仍然满足于从相关性中得出因果推论，部分原因是(像定性学者一样)他们通常仅限于研究当前和发达世界。更多的数据将有助于更好的推断。最后，我们为建立精确和可推广的惩罚理论的目标进行了辩护。预计犯罪学年度评论第7卷的最终在线出版日期是2024年1月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

2.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Criminology provides comprehensive reviews of significant developments in the multidisciplinary field of criminology, defined as the study of both the nature of criminal behavior and societal reactions to crime.