Responses of soil–plant C, N, and P concentrations and stoichiometry to contrasting application rates of biochar to subtropical paddy field

IF 1.6 4区农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI:10.1017/S0014479723000108

Q. Jin, Weiqi Wang, Xuening Song, J. Sardans, Xuyang Liu, Shaoying Lin, A. Tariq, Fanjiang Zengg, J. Peñuelas

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Summary Biochar is increasingly used in crop production as a fertilizer; however, its effects on nutrient cycling and stoichiometry in rice paddy soil–plant systems are unclear. We tested for effects of contrasting rates of biochar on soil and rice plant organ carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry and soil physicochemical properties in early and late paddies. Overall, biochar reduced soil bulk density by an average of 7.4%, while application at 10, 20, and 40 t ha−1 increased soil C and N concentrations in early paddies by 31.6, 41.3, and 104.2%, respectively, and by 8.0, 5.0, and 21.8%, respectively; in late paddies, there were increases of 23.0, 94.1, and 117.0%, respectively, and 6.7, 15.4, and 18.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). Following biochar application at 10, 20, and 40 t ha−1, soil concentration of P decreased in early paddies by 10.9, 19.0, and 13.9%, respectively, and increased in late paddies by 4.3, 16.4, and 20.1%, respectively. Biochar increased ratios of soil C:N and C:P in early and late paddies (P < 0.05), and there was no effect on concentration and stoichiometry of soil available nutrients. Biochar reduced rice plant organ concentration of N and P in early rice and increased leaf N:P ratios. Despite the biochar application improved nutrient status in plant–soil system, we did not observe a significant increase in yield (P > 0.05). According to the N:P value of leaves between treatments, it was found that biochar alleviated the current situation of N limitation in paddy fields during the mature period and transformed the N limitation of early rice into a joint limitation of N and P. These results show that the addition of biochar to subtropical paddy soils leads to a short-term reduction in soil bulk density and increases in soil C and N concentrations and soil fertility. Thus, biochar applied at optimal rates is likely to improve the sustainability of subtropical paddy rice production.

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土壤-植物C、N、P浓度及化学计量学对亚热带水田生物炭不同施用量的响应

生物炭作为肥料越来越多地用于农作物生产;然而，其对水稻土壤-植物系统养分循环和化学计量的影响尚不清楚。我们测试了不同比例的生物炭对早稻田和晚稻田土壤和水稻植物器官碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)浓度以及化学计量学和土壤理化性质的影响。总体而言，生物炭平均降低了7.4%的土壤容重，而施用10、20和40 t ha−1时，早稻田土壤C和N浓度分别提高了31.6、41.3和104.2%，分别提高了8.0、5.0和21.8%;晚稻田分别增加23.0%、94.1%和117.0%，分别增加6.7、15.4%和18.0% (P < 0.05)。施用生物炭10、20和40 t ha−1后，早稻田土壤磷浓度分别下降10.9%、19.0%和13.9%，晚稻田土壤磷浓度分别上升4.3%、16.4%和20.1%。生物炭提高了早稻田和晚稻田土壤C:N和C:P比值(P < 0.05)，对土壤速效养分浓度和化学计量特征无影响。生物炭降低了早稻植株器官氮磷浓度，提高了叶片氮磷比。尽管施用生物炭改善了植物-土壤系统的养分状况，但我们没有观察到产量的显著增加(P < 0.05)。根据处理间叶片N:P值发现，生物炭缓解了稻田成熟期氮素限制的现状，将早稻的氮素限制转变为氮磷联合限制。结果表明，在亚热带水稻土中添加生物炭，短期内降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤C、N浓度和土壤肥力。因此，以最佳用量施用生物炭有可能提高亚热带水稻生产的可持续性。

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来源期刊

Experimental Agriculture 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

24 months

期刊介绍： With a focus on the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, Experimental Agriculture publishes the results of original research on field, plantation and herbage crops grown for food or feed, or for industrial purposes, and on farming systems, including livestock and people. It reports experimental work designed to explain how crops respond to the environment in biological and physical terms, and on the social and economic issues that may influence the uptake of the results of research by policy makers and farmers, including the role of institutions and partnerships in delivering impact. The journal also publishes accounts and critical discussions of new quantitative and qualitative methods in agricultural and ecosystems research, and of contemporary issues arising in countries where agricultural production needs to develop rapidly. There is a regular book review section and occasional, often invited, reviews of research.