‘Do You Not Bow before Heaven?’: The First Qing- Durrānī Encounter, the Tributary Non-relationship, and Disorder on a Shared Frontier

IF 0.5 1区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI:10.1163/15685209-12341605

J. Eijk, Timur Khan

引用次数: 0

Abstract

In 1763, Aḥmad Shāh Durrānī sent an embassy to the Qianlong emperor. The envoy caused offence by refusing to prostrate himself. Still, the Qing court fêted his embassy. It seemed the beginning of a promising relationship, but the two empires never had contact again. The Qing court presented the embassy as a tributary mission, but in the pragmatic world of Qing frontier policy, contact with the Durrānīs was deliberately avoided. Why did no relationship develop? This attitude stemmed from Qianlong’s distrust of Central Asian rulers, and his understanding of the Afghans not as a tributary, but a rival imperial power.

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“你不是在天面前下拜吗?”第一次清朝- Durrānī相遇，朝贡的不关系，和共享边界上的混乱

1763年ḥmad Shāh Durrānī向乾隆皇帝派遣了一个大使馆。特使拒绝拜倒，惹人生气。尽管如此，清廷还是为他的大使馆提供了便利。这似乎是一段充满希望的关系的开始，但这两个帝国再也没有联系过。清廷将大使馆作为一个朝贡使团，但在清廷边境政策的务实世界中，故意避免与杜尔人接触。为什么没有发展关系？这种态度源于乾隆对中亚统治者的不信任，以及他对阿富汗人不是朝贡，而是敌对帝国的理解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Multiple-

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0.90

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期刊介绍： The Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (JESHO) publishes original research articles in Asian, Near, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Studies across history. The journal promotes world history from Asian and Middle Eastern perspectives and it challenges scholars to integrate cultural and intellectual history with economic, social and political analysis. The editors of the journal invite both early-career and established scholars to present their explorations into new fields of research. JESHO encourages debate across disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. Published since 1958, JESHO is the oldest and most respected journal in its field. Please note that JESHO will not accept books for review.