Mapping hawala risks around the world: the use of a composite indicator

IF 1.4 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Global Crime Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI:10.1080/17440572.2022.2098120

Chang-Ryung Han, B. Leeuw, H. Nelen

引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to map the landscape of risk faced by each country with respect to the presence and prosperity of informal fund transfer (IFT) systems. This study constructed a composite indicator to assess IFT risks of the 121 countries. The IFT risk that this study intended to gauge is not crime risk(s) that IFT systems cause but risk that IFT systems operate and prosper in given countries. The IFT risk indicator was developed with eleven variables extracted from public domain datasets regarding migration, access to formal financial institutions, AML/CFT measures, and societal attitudes towards informality. Routine activity theory was used to derive the factors associated with IFT risk. This study found that the level of IFT risk is associated with their levels of economic development. The main advantage of the IFT risk indicator is that it can gauge ‘nuanced’ differences in IFT risks among countries.

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绘制世界各地的hawala风险:综合指标的使用

摘要本研究的目的是绘制每个国家在非正规资金转移（IFT）系统的存在和繁荣方面面临的风险格局。本研究构建了一个综合指标来评估121个国家的IFT风险。本研究旨在衡量的IFT风险不是IFT系统造成的犯罪风险，而是IFT系统在特定国家运行和繁荣的风险。IFT风险指标是用从公共领域数据集中提取的11个变量开发的，这些变量涉及移民、进入正规金融机构、AML/CFT措施和社会对非正规性的态度。常规活动理论用于推导与IFT风险相关的因素。这项研究发现，IFT风险水平与他们的经济发展水平有关。IFT风险指标的主要优势在于，它可以衡量各国IFT风险的“细微”差异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Global Crime CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

4.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Global Crime is a social science journal devoted to the study of crime broadly conceived. Its focus is deliberately broad and multi-disciplinary and its first aim is to make the best scholarship on crime available to specialists and non-specialists alike. It endorses no particular orthodoxy and draws on authors from a variety of disciplines, including history, sociology, criminology, economics, political science, anthropology and area studies. The editors welcome contributions on any topic relating to crime, including organized criminality, its history, activities, relations with the state, its penetration of the economy and its perception in popular culture.