Regulation of Flood Dynamics by a Check Dam System in a Typical Ecological Construction Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Water Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI:10.3390/w15112000
Binhua Zhao, Tao Xin, Peng Li, Fangming Ma, Bei Gao, Rong Fan
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Abstract

The check dam is the most important engineering measure in place for controlling water and preventing soil loss in the gully on the Loess Plateau. This study assesses Jiuyuangou, a typical governance watershed of the Loess Plateau, and studies the influence that the check dam system has on the dynamics of sub-storm floods over different return periods by coupling the one-dimensional hydrodynamic MIKE 11 model with the distributed hydrological MIKE SHE model. This research demonstrates the following: The check dam system significantly reduces a flood’s peak flow and total volume in the basin and also increases the flood duration. The former effects are greater than the latter effect. The flood peak’s rate of reduction, the flood volume’s rate of reduction and the flood duration’s rate of increase all increase linearly as the number of check dams increase. Of all dam systems, the check dam has the best linear response to a flood peak’s rate of reduction. The check dam system reduces the flow rate of flood runoff in the basin. After the dam is built, the average flow rate in the basin decreases by 54%. The runoff velocity of the flood is reduced by different degrees over different return periods and the average peak value decreases compared with a scenario lacking any kind of dam. The check dams have a greater impact on the runoff velocity over a shorter return period, with the velocity being 58.56% slower. Finally, the check dam system significantly reduces the intensity of erosion in the middle and lower reaches of the watershed, and it changes the distribution of the intensity compared to the original channel runoff. These findings are expected to provide a scientific basis for guiding the construction and high-quality development of check dams on the Loess Plateau. In addition, check dam construction in basins can trap water, sediment and nutrients, and it can also contribute to ecosystem diversity and maintaining ecosystem imbalances around the world.
黄土高原典型生态建设流域淤地坝系统对洪水动态的调节
淤地坝是黄土高原沟壑区治理水土流失的重要工程措施。本研究对黄土高原典型治理流域九原沟进行了评价,通过一维水动力MIKE 11模型和分布式水文MIKE SHE模型的耦合,研究了淤地坝系统对不同重现期亚暴雨洪水动力学的影响。这项研究表明:淤塞坝系统显著降低了流域内洪水的峰值流量和总流量,并增加了洪水持续时间。前者的影响大于后者的影响。洪峰的减少率、洪量的减少率和洪水持续时间的增加率都随着淤地坝数量的增加而线性增加。在所有大坝系统中,淤塞坝对洪峰降低率的线性响应最好。淤塞坝系统降低了流域内洪水径流的流量。大坝建成后,流域内的平均流量下降了54%。与没有任何类型的大坝的情况相比,在不同的重现期内,洪水的径流速度不同程度地降低,平均峰值降低。在较短的重现期内,淤塞坝对径流速度的影响较大,径流速度慢58.56%。最后,拦河坝系统显著降低了流域中下游的侵蚀强度,并与原始河道径流相比改变了侵蚀强度的分布。这些发现有望为指导黄土高原淤地坝建设和高质量发展提供科学依据。此外,在盆地中修建淤塞坝可以截留水、沉积物和营养物质,也有助于促进生态系统多样性,维持世界各地的生态系统失衡。
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来源期刊
Water
Water WATER RESOURCES-
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
14.70%
发文量
3491
审稿时长
19.85 days
期刊介绍: Water (ISSN 2073-4441) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly journal covering all aspects of water including water science and technology, and the hydrology, ecology and management of water resources. It publishes regular research papers, critical reviews and short communications, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles. Computed data or files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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