Visual prey categorization by a generalist jumping spider

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI:10.1080/24750263.2022.2143583

Maciej Bartos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract The majority of jumping spiders are visual hunters that capture a wide range of prey. While they are known to use specific predatory techniques against different prey, their prey identification mechanisms are poorly understood. A generalist jumping spider, Yllenus arenarius, employs different predatory techniques to capture prey with two different escape potentials. The aim of the present study was to identify the characteristics used by the spider to classify prey into one of these categories. Freshly-emerged spiderlings were used in the experiments to analyse pre-programmed visual predatory preferences. The spiders were presented with: a) their natural prey with different escape potentials (flies, thrips, caterpillars) and b) video images constructed from different combinations of features of their natural prey. The images varied with regard to five characteristics: body length (short vs long images), the presence or absence of details (0 or 4 details, including head spot, antennae, legs, wings), the local motion of legs (moving vs still), the type of global motion (crawling vs non-crawling) and the direction of global motion (horizontal motion vs vertical small scale jumps). Prey-specific behaviours indicated which characteristics were used by the spider to ascertain the prey’s escape potentials. Our findings indicate that during visual prey categorization, Y. arenarius can rely solely on general prey characteristics, such as body proportions and the type of prey motion, while ignoring other stimuli, such as the presence of details and the local motion of legs. This mechanism of prey identification, based on these two easily-recognizable prey characteristics, enables fairly quick and precise categorization of a wide range of prey according to their escape potentials. The study shows how generalist jumping spiders can categorize their diverse prey into a limited number of groups and discusses the presence of the mechanism in other jumping spiders and other animals.

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一只多面手跳蛛的视觉猎物分类

摘要大多数跳蛛都是视觉猎人，捕捉各种各样的猎物。虽然已知它们会对不同的猎物使用特定的捕食技术，但人们对它们的猎物识别机制知之甚少。一种多面手的跳蛛Yllenus arenarius采用不同的捕食技术来捕捉具有两种不同逃跑潜力的猎物。本研究的目的是确定蜘蛛用来将猎物分类为其中一类的特征。实验中使用新出现的蜘蛛来分析预先编程的视觉捕食偏好。向蜘蛛展示了：a）它们具有不同逃跑潜力的自然猎物（苍蝇、蓟马、毛毛虫），以及b）根据自然猎物的不同特征组合构建的视频图像。这些图像的五个特征各不相同：身体长度（短图像与长图像）、细节的存在与否（0或4个细节，包括头部斑点、触角、腿、翅膀）、腿部的局部运动（运动与静止）、全局运动的类型（爬行与非爬行）和全局运动的方向（水平运动与垂直小尺度跳跃）。猎物特有的行为表明蜘蛛利用哪些特征来确定猎物的逃跑潜力。我们的研究结果表明，在视觉猎物分类过程中，竞技场灰蝶可以只依赖于一般的猎物特征，如身体比例和猎物运动类型，而忽略其他刺激，如细节的存在和腿部的局部运动。这种基于这两种容易识别的猎物特征的猎物识别机制，能够根据猎物的逃跑潜力对其进行相当快速和精确的分类。这项研究展示了多面手跳蛛如何将其多样化的猎物分类为有限的群体，并讨论了这种机制在其他跳蛛和其他动物中的存在。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.