Comparative studies on exposure of edible vegetables to spent engine oil and PAH components

Chidinma Ukachukwu, A. Udebuani, Tochukwu Nicholas Ugwu
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Abstract

The consequences of enhanced PAH deposition and accumulation in food crop and other biota can be traced to environmental pollution through human activities which has improved due to industrial revolution. The impact of this phenomena has been observed in the food chain as this toxicant accumulates within its system and therefore, it can be exposed to human being with detrimental effect. The study compared exposure of edible vegetables to PAH from spent engine oil and three purchased PAH component (benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(ghi)perylene). PAH was extracted from soil and plant using soxhlet extraction method. The health risk review was done using risk assessment model. The unpolluted vegetables showed a higher growth performance when compared to the exposed vegetables pertaining to their bio-tolerance. However, unpolluted vegetable was significantly different (P<0.05) from polluted vegetable. The result showed that Fluoranthene (Flu), benzo(a)Pyrene (B(a)P), Acenaphthene (Ace), Anthracene (Ant), Naphthalene (Nap) and Benzo(b)Fluoranthene obtained from spent engine oil polluted soil (SEOPS) were the most abundant in the soil. However, concentration of commercially purchased benzo(a)pyrene was observed to be higher in plants than (Benzo(k)fluoranthene and Benzo(ghi)perylene) utilized. Bioaccumulation factor total (BAFT) of commercially purchased B(a)P, B(k)F and B(ghi)P showed higher accumulation value (1.8, 1.5), compared to that of spent engine oil in edible vegetables. Analysis of the calculated assessing value (AV), Benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalent quotient (BaPteq), food daily intake, and margin of exposure (MOE) showed potential risk concern when consumed, except for progressive lifetime cancer risk (PLCR). The PLCR poses relatively low health concern; nevertheless, prolonged exposure to these pollutants can affect humans as it possesses a high potential to bio-accumulate in edible vegetables.
食用蔬菜暴露于废机油和多环芳烃组分的比较研究
PAH在粮食作物和其他生物群中沉积和积累增加的后果可以追溯到人类活动造成的环境污染,而人类活动由于工业革命而有所改善。这种现象的影响已经在食物链中观察到,因为这种有毒物质在其系统中积累,因此,它可能会对人类产生有害影响。该研究比较了食用蔬菜暴露于废机油和三种购买的PAH成分(苯并(a)芘、苯并(k)荧蒽和苯并(ghi)苝)中的PAH。采用索氏提取法从土壤和植物中提取多环芳烃。健康风险评估采用风险评估模型进行。与暴露的蔬菜相比,未受污染的蔬菜在生物耐受性方面表现出更高的生长性能。未受污染蔬菜与受污染蔬菜相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明,从废机油污染土壤(SEOPS)中提取的荧蒽(Flu)、苯并(a)芘(B(a)P)、环烷(Ace)、蒽(Ant)、萘(Nap)和苯并(B)荧蒽在土壤中含量最高。然而,在植物中观察到商业购买的苯并(a)芘的浓度高于使用的(苯并(k)荧蒽和苯并(ghi)苝)。与食用蔬菜中的废机油相比,商业购买的B(a)P、B(k)F和B(ghi)P的生物累积因子总和(BAFT)显示出更高的累积值(1.8,1.5)。对计算评估值(AV)、苯并(a)芘毒性当量商(BaPteq)、每日食物摄入量和暴露限(MOE)的分析显示,除了终身癌症风险(PLCR)外,食用时存在潜在风险。PLCR引起的健康问题相对较低;然而,长期接触这些污染物会影响人类,因为它在可食用蔬菜中具有很高的生物积累潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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