Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Glycemic Index and Liver Functions in Rats

IF 0.4 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI:10.3233/ajw220092

Sadiq J Ramadhan, Muna Hassan Youssef, K. Khudair

{"title":"Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Glycemic Index and Liver Functions in Rats","authors":"Sadiq J Ramadhan, Muna Hassan Youssef, K. Khudair","doi":"10.3233/ajw220092","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique at zero day (zero time) and (30) day. The following parameters were measured using the serum. The glycemic index contains (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance), as well as liver function tests such as serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as direct, indirect and total bilirubin concentration. The livers and pancreas were quickly delivered, meticulously dissected out, prepped, and viewed under a light microscope. The results demonstrated that 30 days of exposure to Naf in drinking water produced liver damage manifested by significant increases in blood ALT, AST, and GGT activity as well as significant elevation in serum bilirubin (direct, indirect and total) concentration compared to control group. A significant rise in blood glucose levels and a fall in blood insulin levels and IR were detected at the end of the experiments in Naf treated group when compared to the control. Histopathological changes in Naf treated group was observed in hepatic and pancreatic tissue manifested by generalised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, in addition, to severe degeneration of acinar and pancreatic islet cells. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation revealed Naf therapy-induced liver damage and a change in the glycemic index in adult male rats.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220092","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique at zero day (zero time) and (30) day. The following parameters were measured using the serum. The glycemic index contains (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance), as well as liver function tests such as serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as direct, indirect and total bilirubin concentration. The livers and pancreas were quickly delivered, meticulously dissected out, prepped, and viewed under a light microscope. The results demonstrated that 30 days of exposure to Naf in drinking water produced liver damage manifested by significant increases in blood ALT, AST, and GGT activity as well as significant elevation in serum bilirubin (direct, indirect and total) concentration compared to control group. A significant rise in blood glucose levels and a fall in blood insulin levels and IR were detected at the end of the experiments in Naf treated group when compared to the control. Histopathological changes in Naf treated group was observed in hepatic and pancreatic tissue manifested by generalised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, in addition, to severe degeneration of acinar and pancreatic islet cells. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation revealed Naf therapy-induced liver damage and a change in the glycemic index in adult male rats.

查看原文本刊更多论文

氟化钠对大鼠血糖指数和肝功能的影响

从健康的角度来看，氟化物（F）是人类的重要元素。高剂量食用会对许多器官产生有害影响。氟化物中毒与肝脏损伤有关。本研究的目的是观察氟化钠（Naf）如何影响成年雄性白化大鼠的肝功能和血糖指数。十四（14）只成年雄性Wistar白化大鼠被随机均匀地分为两组，并给予以下治疗三十（30）天：G1组（对照组），给予蒸馏水并喂食平衡饮食，G2大鼠给予含有100ppm Naf的水。动物在麻醉前禁食8-12小时，并在第0天（第0时间）和第30天通过心脏穿刺技术采集血样。使用血清测量以下参数。血糖指数包括（葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗），以及肝功能测试，如丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）的血清活性，以及直接、间接和总胆红素浓度。肝脏和胰腺被迅速输送，仔细解剖，准备，并在光学显微镜下观察。结果表明，与对照组相比，暴露于饮用水中的Naf 30天会导致肝损伤，表现为血液ALT、AST和GGT活性显著升高，血清胆红素（直接、间接和总）浓度显著升高。与对照组相比，Naf治疗组在实验结束时血糖水平显著升高，血胰岛素水平和IR下降。Naf治疗组的肝和胰腺组织出现组织病理学变化，表现为肝细胞普遍变性和坏死，腺泡和胰岛细胞严重变性。总之，这项研究的结果揭示了Naf治疗诱导的成年雄性大鼠肝损伤和血糖指数的变化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Asia, as a whole region, faces severe stress on water availability, primarily due to high population density. Many regions of the continent face severe problems of water pollution on local as well as regional scale and these have to be tackled with a pan-Asian approach. However, the available literature on the subject is generally based on research done in Europe and North America. Therefore, there is an urgent and strong need for an Asian journal with its focus on the region and wherein the region specific problems are addressed in an intelligent manner. In Asia, besides water, there are several other issues related to environment, such as; global warming and its impact; intense land/use and shifting pattern of agriculture; issues related to fertilizer applications and pesticide residues in soil and water; and solid and liquid waste management particularly in industrial and urban areas. Asia is also a region with intense mining activities whereby serious environmental problems related to land/use, loss of top soil, water pollution and acid mine drainage are faced by various communities. Essentially, Asians are confronted with environmental problems on many fronts. Many pressing issues in the region interlink various aspects of environmental problems faced by population in this densely habited region in the world. Pollution is one such serious issue for many countries since there are many transnational water bodies that spread the pollutants across the entire region. Water, environment and pollution together constitute a three axial problem that all concerned people in the region would like to focus on.