Foraging behaviour of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in the Białowieża National Park

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q2 ORNITHOLOGY
Ornis Fennica Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI:10.51812/of.126163
T. Stański, M. Stańska, D. Czeszczewik
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Although the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most common of the European woodpecker species, there are no studies detailing its foraging behaviour in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Our research, conducted in the primeval oak-lime-hornbeam forest of the Białowieża National Park in 1999–2011, compared foraging sites and foraging techniques used by this species in these two seasons. Great Spotted Woodpecker predominantly foraged on standing trees, while lying trees and the ground were occasionally used as foraging sites, but almost exclusively in the breeding season. European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) were the most frequently used for foraging in the breeding season, whereas Norway spruce (Picea abies) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) were used in the non-breeding season. Great Spotted Woodpecker foraged more frequently on dead and large trees in the non-breeding season. In the breeding season, Great Spotted Woodpecker collected food mainly from living substrates, predominantly sites on large diameter trunks and at low height, while in the non-breeding season it collected food from thin, dead and upper branches. Searching for food and gleaning it from the tree surface was the most common foraging technique used in the breeding season, whereas seed extraction from cones dominated in the non-breeding season. The percentage of foraging time spent on this type of food was positively correlated with the index of Norway spruce seed production. Our study showed that the foraging behaviour of the Great Spotted Woodpecker in the two seasons differs significantly due to changes in food resources.
大斑啄木鸟(Dendrocopos major)在Białowieża国家公园的觅食行为
虽然大斑点啄木鸟(Dendrocopos major)是欧洲最常见的啄木鸟物种,但没有研究详细说明它在繁殖期和非繁殖期的觅食行为。我们于1999-2011年在Białowieża国家公园的原始橡树-石灰-角梁森林进行了研究,比较了这两个季节该物种的觅食地点和觅食技术。大斑啄木鸟主要在站立的树上觅食,而躺着的树和地面偶尔也会被用作觅食地点,但几乎只在繁殖季节。在繁殖季节,欧洲角木(Carpinus betulus)和小叶石灰(Tilia cordata)是最常用的觅食树种,而在非繁殖季节,挪威云杉(Picea abies)和有花序的橡树(Quercus robur)是最常用的觅食树种。在非繁殖季节,大斑啄木鸟更频繁地在枯树和大树上觅食。大斑啄木鸟在繁殖期主要采食于低高度、大直径树干上的活体基质,而在非繁殖期主要采食于细枝、枯枝和上部树枝。在繁殖季节,从树表面寻找食物和收集食物是最常见的觅食技术,而在非繁殖季节,从球果中提取种子是主要的觅食技术。在这类食物上花费的觅食时间百分比与挪威云杉种子产量指数呈正相关。我们的研究表明,由于食物资源的变化,大斑啄木鸟在两个季节的觅食行为有很大的不同。
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来源期刊
Ornis Fennica
Ornis Fennica 生物-鸟类学
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ornis Fennica is a peer-reviewed international ornithological journal published by BirdLife Finland. Ornis Fennica publishes analytical and experimental papers on the ecology, behaviour and biogeography of birds. Ornis Fennica prefers studies concerning Fennoscandian species, but other novel contributions of general interest are most welcome as well. Ornis Fennica is an open-access journal without page charges for publication. All published articles (from 1924 onwards) are freely available from the journal website. First decisions are usually made within three months of submission.
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