Respiratory hypersensitivity reaction related to ingestion of raspberry

Abstract

A 27-year-old woman developed dyspnea and wheezing within 10 min after eating a piece of raspberry walnut cake, and visited an emergency hospital. Based on a presumptive diagnosis of anaphylaxis, she was successfully treated with intravenous corticosteroid and intramuscular injection of adrenaline. She was referred for further investigation. Her medical history included mild asthma, cat allergy, and bipolar disorder, being treated with pranlukast, quetiapine, lamotrigine, and lorazepam. She could eat bread containing wheat and heated eggs without problem after this attack. Laboratory tests showed normal serum level of immunoglobulin (Ig) E 44 IU/mL. Multiple antigen simultaneous test (MAST)-36 (BML Inc) to examine allergen-specific IgE showed 15.2 lumicount (LC) (class 3) of cat dander and 4.89 LC (class 2) of dog dander, whereas the other results were negative. Specific IgE antibodies to strawberry, peach, apple, walnut, Jug r1, egg yolk, egg white, ovomucoid, gluten, ω-5 gliadin, birch pollen tested by CAP fluoro-enzyme immunoassay (CAP-FEIA) and prick-to-prick tests with ingredients of the cake and their related foods, including raspberry, strawberry, blackberry, blueberry, apple, walnut, almond, peanut, wheat, egg yolk, and egg white, were all negative. Then, an open oral provocation test was performed on admission initially with raspberry. Twenty minutes after eating 1.5 pieces of raspberry (about 4.5 g), she developed discomfort of the throat, dyspnea, repetitive cough, audible wheezing, and tachycardia (145 beats/min). Cutaneous symptoms were absent except for mild pruritus of the neck. Her blood pressure and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels were normal. She was treated with intravenous administration of 4 mg betamethasone and 5 mg chlorpheniramine, followed by an intramuscular injection of 0.3 mg adrenaline. Within 10 min, the patient's dyspnea and tachycardia subsided without sequelae. Further investigation with CD203c expression-based basophil activation test (BAT) to raspberry was negative. After avoiding raspberry and all the other berries, as well as still unchallenged walnuts, she has not experienced any episode of acute respiratory reactions for 3 years.

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is a small fruit belonging to the Rosaceae family: subfamily Rosoideae along with strawberry. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only five reported cases of hypersensitivity reactions related to raspberry including our case (Table 1).^1-4 Three cases had evidence of cross-reactivities with other fruits belonging to Rosaceae family, such as strawberry (n = 2), and/or rPru p 3 (n = 2) from peach.^2-4 Our case demonstrated negative results on the skin-prick test, which is reliable but not infallible, exhibiting an 85% sensitivity rate.⁵ Despite a lack of cutaneous or mucosal involvement, our case demonstrated the acute onset of laryngeal involvement after exposure to a probable allergen and fulfilled one of the amended criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis.⁶ Anaphylaxis often involves isolated respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms.⁷ In our case, the specific IgE to birch was negative, and no symptoms of tingling or edema of the oral mucosa were observed before the respiratory symptoms developed. Therefore, our case is more likely to be classified as class 1 food allergy, which is sensitized through the gastrointestinal tract, rather than classified as oral allergy syndrome.⁸

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Approval of the research protocol: No human participant was involved in this study.

Informed Consent: N/A.

Registry and the Registration No. of the study/trial: N/A.

Animal Studies: N/A.