Semantic Historical Gazetteers and Related NLP and Corpus Linguistics Applications

IF 0.3 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE
Carmen Brando, Francesca Frontini
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This issue of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries presents extended contributions from the workshop “A Place for Places: Current Trends and Challenges in the Development and Use of Geo-historical Gazetteers,” held on July 11, 2016 in Kraków, Poland in conjunction with the Digital Humanities conference (DH2016). The workshop—endorsed by the GeoHumanities Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations—was dedicated to an area of research that lies at the crossroads between geographic information science, corpus linguistics, natural language processing, and the semantic Web. It is undeniable that, in recent years many humanistic disciplines, such as History and Literary Studies, have undergone the effects of what has been termed a “digital turn,” and that this has led, among other things, to an increase in the application of quantitative approaches that strongly rely on natural language processing and corpus linguistics techniques for geographic information extraction and aggregation. Consequently, a plethora of projects has seen the light in recent years in which novel methods for analyzing and visualizing spatial-temporal phenomena described in documents from the past have been developed and put to use. Such methods depend heavily on algorithms for the automatic annotation of texts, such as Named Entity taggers and linkers, which have necessitated in turn the provision of reliable, domain-adapted sources of information. Understandably, then, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the creation and use of semantic historical gazetteers, namely geographical data sets exposed as linked data describing places in their historical dimension. An exemplary project in this genre is the Pleiades gazetteer of the ancient world1 (Elliott and Gillies 2009). Built initially from cartographic resources describing the past, such as the Barrington Atlas, it has evolved into a digital semantic resource that is constantly being enlarged through the efforts of the community, and that has become in turn the basis of many other projects. Other noteworthy efforts include PastPlace2 (Southall, Mostern, and Berman 2011; Southall, von Luenen, and Aucott 2009) and the China Historical GIS.3
语义历史地名录及其相关的NLP和语料库语言学应用
本期《地图与地理图书馆杂志》介绍了2016年7月11日在波兰克拉科夫与数字人文会议(DH2016)一起举行的研讨会“一个地方换一个地方:地理历史地名录开发和使用的当前趋势和挑战”的延伸贡献。该研讨会由数字人文组织联盟的地理人文特别兴趣小组(SIG)支持,致力于地理信息科学、语料库语言学、自然语言处理和语义网之间的交叉研究领域。不可否认的是,近年来,许多人文学科,如历史和文学研究,都经历了所谓的“数字转向”的影响,这导致了,越来越多地应用定量方法,这些方法强烈依赖于自然语言处理和语料库语言学技术来提取和聚合地理信息。因此,近年来,许多项目已经看到了曙光,在这些项目中,用于分析和可视化过去文件中描述的时空现象的新方法已经被开发并投入使用。这种方法在很大程度上依赖于文本的自动注释算法,如命名实体标签和链接器,这反过来又需要提供可靠的、适用于领域的信息源。因此,可以理解的是,大量的研究都致力于语义历史地名录的创建和使用,即地理数据集,作为描述历史维度上的地方的链接数据而暴露出来。这一类型的一个典型项目是古代世界的昴星团地名录1(Elliott和Gillies,2009年)。它最初是由描述过去的地图资源(如巴林顿地图集)构建的,现在已经发展成为一种数字语义资源,通过社区的努力不断扩大,并成为许多其他项目的基础。其他值得注意的工作包括PastPlace2(Southall,Mostern和Berman,2011年;Southall、von Luenen和Aucott,2009年)和中国历史地理信息系统。3
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来源期刊
Journal of Map & Geography Libraries
Journal of Map & Geography Libraries INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
83.30%
发文量
12
期刊介绍: The Journal of Map & Geography Libraries is a multidisciplinary publication that covers international research and information on the production, procurement, processing, and utilization of geographic and cartographic materials and geospatial information. Papers submitted undergo a rigorous peer-review process by professors, researchers, and practicing librarians with a passion for geography, cartographic materials, and the mapping and spatial sciences. The journal accepts original theory-based, case study, and practical papers that substantially advance an understanding of the mapping sciences in all of its forms to support users of map and geospatial collections, archives, and similar institutions.
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