Japanese prime ministers and party leadership

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI:10.1177/20578911221114509

Yuri Uchiyama

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

This article shows what were/are the features of Japanese prime ministers as party leaders, as well as how and why these features have changed over the last 20 years. It focuses on three dimensions: party centralisation, internal cohesion and leadership security. On party centralisation, the electoral reform of 1994 introduced a single-member district system into the House of Representatives, or Lower House. This reform ended intra-party competition within the LDP that had existed under the multi-member system and since then the party has become much more centralised. On internal cohesion, the electoral reform has provided the prime minister with a powerful instrument to control the party: the power of endorsement. On leadership security, prime ministers like Koizumi Junichirō and Abe Shinzō were successful in restraining rebels and securing their leadership by effectively using the power of endorsement along with the power of appointment. However, a considerable number of prime ministers in the 21st century have had short tenures of about one year. While the personalisation of politics has made the position of popular prime ministers more secure, it has made unpopular prime ministers highly vulnerable.

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日本首相和党的领导

这篇文章展示了日本首相作为政党领导人的特点，以及这些特点在过去20年中是如何变化的以及为什么变化的。它关注三个方面：党的中央集权、内部凝聚力和领导安全。在政党集中化方面，1994年的选举改革在众议院或下议院引入了单一成员区制度。这项改革结束了自民党内部在多人制下存在的党内竞争，从那时起，自民党变得更加集中。在内部凝聚力方面，选举改革为首相提供了控制该党的有力工具：背书权。在领导层安全方面，小泉纯一郎和安倍晋三等首相通过有效利用背书权和任命权，成功地遏制了反叛分子，确保了他们的领导地位。然而，21世纪相当多的首相任期都很短，只有一年左右。虽然政治的个性化使受欢迎的首相的地位更加稳固，但也使不受欢迎的总理极为脆弱。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.