A Non-invasive Methods for Neonatal Jaundice Detection and Monitoring to Assess Bilirubin Level: A Review

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a frequent cause of substantial illness and mortality in newborns. The newborn infant’s skin, eyes, and other tissues turn yellow because bilirubin contains a pigment or coloring. Jaundice that manifests in the first few days is highly dangerous and typically needs to be treated right away. It is typically “physiologic” when jaundice emerges on the second or third day. Hyperbilirubinemia refers to an abnormally high bilirubin level in the blood. During the decomposition of red blood cells, bilirubin is formed. Bilirubin can build up in the blood, bodily fluids, and other tissues of newborn babies because they are not naturally able to expel it. Kernicterus or irreversible brain damage can result from untreated jaundice if the abnormally high levels of bilirubin are not controlled. In cases of neonatal jaundice, there is currently a variety of estimating methods for measuring bilirubin levels. The goal of this research is to provide a thorough evaluation of various non-invasive frameworks for the identification of newborn jaundice. For this review article, a critical analysis has done by using 51 articles from 2009 to 2022 where all articles are based on the detection of neonatal jaundice. This literary work on non-invasive methods and neonatal jaundice results appear to be an understanding of the avant-garde procedures created and used in this domain. The review also compares and contrasts different non-invasive strategies for predicting an infant’s state of serum bilirubin based on different data such as social media data, and clinical data. At last, the open issues and future challenges of using a non-invasive method to better understand as well as diagnose the neonatal jaundice state of any individual were discussed. From the literature study, usually apparent that the utilization of non-invasive methods in neonatal jaundice has yielded noteworthy fulfillment within the regions of diagnosis, support, research, and clinical governance.