Efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Psychology & Health Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-12 DOI:10.1080/08870446.2023.2267610

Raphael Lopes Olegário, Sarah Ribeiro Fernandes, Rui de Moraes

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Systematically review randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older people.

Measures: The outcome measures were related to inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.

Results: Thirty-one trials were included in the systematic review and thirteen trials in the meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the cognitive training enhanced inhibitory control when measured by the Stroop task (p < .001, d = 1.64) and working memory when measured by the Corsi Block task (p = .002, d = .16). A marginal significance was found for working memory in the Digit Span task - Forward (p = .06, d = .92). However, cognitive training did not enhance inhibitory control when measured by the Go/No-Go task (p = .76, d = .59), working memory when measured by the Digit Span - Backward (p = .72, d = .95) and N-Back (p = .10, d = .26) tasks, and cognitive flexibility when measured by Trail Making - Part B (p = .08, d = .27) and Semantic Fluency (p = .49, d = .06) tasks.

Conclusion: Mixed evidence was found for inhibitory control and working memory; cognitive flexibility showed no evidence of improvement.

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认知训练对健康老年人执行功能的影响：随机对照试验的荟萃分析系统综述。

目的：系统回顾健康老年人认知训练对执行功能影响的随机对照试验。测量：结果测量与抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性有关。结果：31项试验纳入系统综述，13项试验纳入荟萃分析。在总体分析中，通过Stroop任务测量，认知训练增强了抑制控制（p＜0.001，d = 1.64）和工作记忆（p = .002，d=.16）。在“数字跨度”任务中发现工作记忆的边际显著性-正向（p = .06，d=.92）。然而，通过Go/No-Go任务测量，认知训练并没有增强抑制控制（p = .76，d=.59），通过数字跨度向后测量时的工作记忆（p = .72，d=.95）和N-Back（p = .10，d=.26）任务和认知灵活性，当通过Trail Making-Part B（p = .08，d=.27）和语义流利性（p=.49，d=.06）任务。结论：抑制性控制与工作记忆存在混合证据；认知灵活性没有改善的迹象。

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来源期刊

Psychology & Health Multiple-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

3.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Psychology & Health promotes the study and application of psychological approaches to health and illness. The contents include work on psychological aspects of physical illness, treatment processes and recovery; psychosocial factors in the aetiology of physical illnesses; health attitudes and behaviour, including prevention; the individual-health care system interface particularly communication and psychologically-based interventions. The journal publishes original research, and accepts not only papers describing rigorous empirical work, including meta-analyses, but also those outlining new psychological approaches and interventions in health-related fields.