Flushing Home Plumbing Pipes Contaminated with Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Containing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Environmental Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1061/joeedu.eeeng-7315

Jeffrey Szabo, Sue Witt, Nicole Sojda, Don Schupp, Matthew Magnuson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) can be accidentally backflushed into drinking water systems during firefighting operations or at industrial facilities. If this contaminated water enters household plumbing systems, homeowners may need to decontaminate their plumbing. This study examines the persistence of PFAS from AFFF on home plumbing, along with the effects of flushing and stagnation. Two sources of AFFF were investigated, representing older formulations (that contain longer chain PFAS) and newer formulations (that contain shorter chain PFAS). Experiments were conducted in copper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes with flushing after contamination followed by intermittent flow and periods of stagnation meant to mimic typical household use. Flushing immediately reduced the PFAS concentration in water leaving the pipe by 99.95% to 99.99%. However, PFAS concentration increased after periods of stagnation, corresponding to slow release of adhered PFAS. Flushing may be a valuable part of the decontamination process, but flushing parameters and duration need to be optimized for local conditions.

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冲洗被含有全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的水性成膜泡沫污染的家庭水管。

在消防操作或工业设施中，水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）可能会意外反冲洗到饮用水系统中。如果这些被污染的水进入家庭管道系统，房主可能需要净化他们的管道。这项研究考察了AFFF对家庭管道的PFAS持续性，以及冲洗和停滞的影响。研究了AFFF的两种来源，分别是较老的配方（含有较长链PFAS）和较新的配方（含较短链PFAS）。实验在铜、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和交联聚乙烯（PEX）管道中进行，污染后进行冲洗，然后进行间歇性流动和停滞期，以模拟典型的家庭使用。冲洗后，离开管道的水中PFAS浓度立即降低了99.95%至99.99%。然而，经过一段时间的停滞后，PFAS浓度增加，相应地，粘附的PFAS缓慢释放。冲洗可能是去污过程中有价值的一部分，但冲洗参数和持续时间需要根据当地条件进行优化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Environmental Engineering 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

127

审稿时长

6.0 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Environmental Engineering presents broad interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental engineering science, systems engineering, and sanitation. Papers focus on design, development of engineering methods, management, governmental policies, and societal impacts of wastewater collection and treatment; the fate and transport of contaminants on watersheds, in surface waters, in groundwater, in soil, and in the atmosphere; environmental biology, microbiology, chemistry, fluid mechanics, and physical processes that control natural concentrations and dispersion of wastes in air, water, and soil; nonpoint-source pollution on watersheds, in streams, in groundwater, in lakes, and in estuaries and coastal areas; treatment, management, and control of hazardous wastes; control and monitoring of air pollution and acid deposition; airshed management; and design and management of solid waste facilities. A balanced contribution from consultants, practicing engineers, and researchers is sought on engineering solutions, and professional obligations and responsibilities.