Multiple Response Optimization of an Ionic Liquid-DLLME and UHPLC-DAD Analysis of Five Coccidiostats in the Chicken Liver with LC–MS/MS Confirmation

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI:10.1007/s10337-023-04281-0

Veena Jain, Somendu Kumar Roy

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Abstract

Pharmaceutical residues in animal food products from various sources are a crucial concern regarding food safety measures for human welfare. Coccidiostats are predominantly used in the poultry industry to prevent protozoal infection. Excessive use and slaughter before completion of withdrawal periods of drugs are likely to present residues in poultry products. As a result, humans may be exposed to these drugs through the consumption of poultry products. Therefore, we developed an ionic liquid-dispersive liquid‒liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME)-based method to evaluate the drug residues of five coccidiostats in chicken liver using UHPLC-PDA. The IL-DLLME extraction procedure was optimized using an experimental approach that included screening design, response surface methodology (RSM), and desirability function. After optimizing the necessary conditions, good linearity was achieved between 39 and 1250 ngmL⁻¹ with a coefficient of determination (R²) ≥ 0.999. The upgraded method showed excellent precision with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) ≥ 0.30–6.53% and significant recovery in the range of 61.57–107.49%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for the five coccidiostats (UHPLC-PDA) ranged from 3.1 to 8.7 ngmL⁻¹ and 10 to 29 ngmL⁻¹, respectively. The developed method was applied to examine coccidiostats in chicken liver samples purchased from a local market. In addition, LC‒MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of traces in liver samples. Thus, the developed method of extraction is precise and reproducible.

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离子液体DLLME和UHPLC-DAD的多重响应优化鸡肝中五种球虫抑制剂的LC-MS/MS确证分析

各种来源的动物食品中的药物残留是人类福利食品安全措施中的一个关键问题。球虫抑制剂主要用于家禽业预防原生动物感染。在药物停用期结束前过度使用和屠宰可能会在家禽产品中产生残留物。因此，人类可能通过食用家禽产品而接触到这些药物。因此，我们开发了一种基于离子液体分散液-液微萃取（IL-DLLME）的方法，用UHPLC-PDA评估鸡肝脏中五种球虫的药物残留。使用包括筛选设计、响应面方法（RSM）和期望函数在内的实验方法对IL-DLLME提取程序进行了优化。在优化了必要的条件后，在39和1250 ng/mL−1之间实现了良好的线性，测定系数（R2） ≥ 0.999。改进后的方法显示出良好的精密度，相对标准偏差（%RSD） ≥ 0.30–6.53%，显着回收率在61.57–107.49%之间。五种球虫药（UHPLC-PDA）的检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为3.1至8.7 ng/mL−1和10至29 ng/mL−1。将所开发的方法应用于检测从当地市场购买的鸡肝样品中的球虫。此外，LC-MS/MS分析证实了肝脏样本中存在微量元素。因此，所开发的提取方法是精确和可重复的。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.