Evaluation of possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and possible protective effect of melatonin.

IF 3.2 4区医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI:10.1080/15376516.2023.2259980

Aylin Balci-Ozyurt, Anıl Yirün, Deniz Arca Cakır, N Dilara Zeybek, Didem Oral, Suna Sabuncuoğlu, Pınar Erkekoğlu

{"title":"Evaluation of possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and possible protective effect of melatonin.","authors":"Aylin Balci-Ozyurt, Anıl Yirün, Deniz Arca Cakır, N Dilara Zeybek, Didem Oral, Suna Sabuncuoğlu, Pınar Erkekoğlu","doi":"10.1080/15376516.2023.2259980","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles of matter that are between 1 to 100 nm in diameter. They are suggested to cause toxic effects in both humans and environment thorough different mechanisms. However, their toxicity profile may be different from the parent material. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs are widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. As a white pigment, the use of TiO2 is used in food coloring, industrial paints, clothing and UV filters has increased tremendously in recent years. Melatonin, on the other hand, is a well-known antioxidant and may prevent oxidative stress caused by a variety of different substances, including NPs. In the current study, we aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of normal-sized TiO2 (220 nm) and nano-sized TiO2 (21 nm) on cytopathology, cytotoxicity, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and glutathione), genotoxicity (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), apoptosis (caspase 3, 8 and 9) and epigenetic alterations (global DNA methylation, H3 acetylation) on 3T3 fibroblast cells. In addition, the possible protective effects of melatonin, which is known to have strong antioxidant effects, against the toxicity of TiO2 were also evaluated. Study groups were: a. the control group; b. melatonin group; c. TiO2 group; d. nano-sized TiO2 group; e. TiO2 + melatonin group and f. nano-sized TiO2 + melatonin group. We observed that both normal-sized and nano-sized TiO2 NPs showed significant toxic effects. However, TiO2 NPs caused higher DNA damage and global DNA methylation compared to normal-sized TiO2 whereas normal-sized TiO2 led to lower H3 acetylation vs. TiO2 NPs. Melatonin showed partial protective effect against the toxicity caused by TiO2 NPs.","PeriodicalId":23177,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods","volume":" ","pages":"109-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2023.2259980","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/29 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles of matter that are between 1 to 100 nm in diameter. They are suggested to cause toxic effects in both humans and environment thorough different mechanisms. However, their toxicity profile may be different from the parent material. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) NPs are widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. As a white pigment, the use of TiO₂ is used in food coloring, industrial paints, clothing and UV filters has increased tremendously in recent years. Melatonin, on the other hand, is a well-known antioxidant and may prevent oxidative stress caused by a variety of different substances, including NPs. In the current study, we aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of normal-sized TiO₂ (220 nm) and nano-sized TiO₂ (21 nm) on cytopathology, cytotoxicity, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and glutathione), genotoxicity (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), apoptosis (caspase 3, 8 and 9) and epigenetic alterations (global DNA methylation, H3 acetylation) on 3T3 fibroblast cells. In addition, the possible protective effects of melatonin, which is known to have strong antioxidant effects, against the toxicity of TiO₂ were also evaluated. Study groups were: a. the control group; b. melatonin group; c. TiO₂ group; d. nano-sized TiO₂ group; e. TiO₂ + melatonin group and f. nano-sized TiO₂ + melatonin group. We observed that both normal-sized and nano-sized TiO₂ NPs showed significant toxic effects. However, TiO₂ NPs caused higher DNA damage and global DNA methylation compared to normal-sized TiO₂ whereas normal-sized TiO₂ led to lower H3 acetylation vs. TiO₂ NPs. Melatonin showed partial protective effect against the toxicity caused by TiO₂ NPs.

查看原文本刊更多论文

二氧化钛纳米颗粒可能的细胞毒性、遗传毒性和表观遗传学毒性作用以及褪黑素可能的保护作用的评估。

纳米粒子（NP）是介于1到100之间的物质颗粒直径为nm。它们被认为通过不同的机制对人类和环境造成毒性影响。然而，它们的毒性特征可能与母体材料不同。二氧化钛（TiO2）NPs广泛应用于化妆品、制药和食品行业。作为一种白色颜料，近年来，TiO2在食品着色、工业涂料、服装和紫外线过滤器中的应用大幅增加。另一方面，褪黑激素是一种众所周知的抗氧化剂，可以防止包括NP在内的多种不同物质引起的氧化应激。在目前的研究中，我们旨在比较研究正常尺寸的TiO2（220 nm）和纳米尺寸的TiO2（21 nm）对3T3成纤维细胞的细胞病理学、细胞毒性、氧化损伤（脂质过氧化、蛋白质氧化和谷胱甘肽）、遗传毒性（8-羟基脱氧鸟苷）、细胞凋亡（胱天蛋白酶3、8和9）和表观遗传学改变（整体DNA甲基化、H3乙酰化）的影响。此外，还评估了褪黑素对TiO2毒性的可能保护作用，褪黑素具有很强的抗氧化作用。研究组为：a.对照组；b.褪黑素组；c.TiO2基团；d.纳米尺寸的TiO2基团；e.TiO2+褪黑素组和f.纳米TiO2+褪黑素组。我们观察到，正常尺寸和纳米尺寸的TiO2 NP都显示出显著的毒性作用。然而，与正常大小的TiO2相比，TiO2 NP引起更高的DNA损伤和整体DNA甲基化，而与TiO2 NP相比，正常大小的二氧化钛导致更低的H3乙酰化。褪黑素对TiO2纳米粒子引起的毒性具有部分保护作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods is a peer-reviewed journal whose aim is twofold. Firstly, the journal contains original research on subjects dealing with the mechanisms by which foreign chemicals cause toxic tissue injury. Chemical substances of interest include industrial compounds, environmental pollutants, hazardous wastes, drugs, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents. The scope of the journal spans from molecular and cellular mechanisms of action to the consideration of mechanistic evidence in establishing regulatory policy. Secondly, the journal addresses aspects of the development, validation, and application of new and existing laboratory methods, techniques, and equipment. A variety of research methods are discussed, including: In vivo studies with standard and alternative species In vitro studies and alternative methodologies Molecular, biochemical, and cellular techniques Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Mathematical modeling and computer programs Forensic analyses Risk assessment Data collection and analysis.