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{"title":"Links between Exercise Capacity, Exercise Training, and Metabolism.","authors":"Alena Spagnolo, Sebastian Klug, Christina Schenkl, Michael Schwarzer","doi":"10.1002/cphy.c230004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise capacity of an individual describes the ability to perform physical activity. This exercise capacity is influenced by intrinsic factors such as genetic constitution and extrinsic factors such as exercise training. On the metabolic level exercise and metabolism are linked. As an important site of metabolism and the main source for ATP needed for muscle contraction, mitochondrial function can determine exercise capacity, and exercise inversely influences mitochondrial function. It has been suggested that exercise mediates many of its effects due to such metabolic changes. Although extrinsic factors affect exercise capacity, a major part of an individual's exercise capacity is genetically determined, and extrinsic factors can only improve on this baseline. Looking at the effect of exercise capacity on and with disease, the two go hand in hand. On one hand, disease is negatively affecting an individual's exercise capacity; on the other hand, exercise offers an effective treatment option. Combining these factors, exercise capacity is an often-ignored prognostic variable for life expectancy as well as morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to provide the current knowledge on the links between inherited and acquired exercise capacity, as well as the mechanisms in which metabolism interacts with exercise capacity. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5115-5155, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":10573,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Physiology","volume":"13 4","pages":"5115-5155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Comprehensive Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c230004","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Exercise capacity of an individual describes the ability to perform physical activity. This exercise capacity is influenced by intrinsic factors such as genetic constitution and extrinsic factors such as exercise training. On the metabolic level exercise and metabolism are linked. As an important site of metabolism and the main source for ATP needed for muscle contraction, mitochondrial function can determine exercise capacity, and exercise inversely influences mitochondrial function. It has been suggested that exercise mediates many of its effects due to such metabolic changes. Although extrinsic factors affect exercise capacity, a major part of an individual's exercise capacity is genetically determined, and extrinsic factors can only improve on this baseline. Looking at the effect of exercise capacity on and with disease, the two go hand in hand. On one hand, disease is negatively affecting an individual's exercise capacity; on the other hand, exercise offers an effective treatment option. Combining these factors, exercise capacity is an often-ignored prognostic variable for life expectancy as well as morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to provide the current knowledge on the links between inherited and acquired exercise capacity, as well as the mechanisms in which metabolism interacts with exercise capacity. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5115-5155, 2023.
运动能力、运动训练和新陈代谢之间的联系。
个人的运动能力描述了进行体育活动的能力。这种运动能力受到遗传体质等内在因素和运动训练等外在因素的影响。在代谢水平上,运动和代谢是联系在一起的。作为代谢的重要部位和肌肉收缩所需ATP的主要来源,线粒体功能可以决定运动能力,而运动会对线粒体功能产生负面影响。有人认为,由于这种代谢变化,运动会介导其许多影响。尽管外在因素会影响运动能力,但个人运动能力的很大一部分是由基因决定的,外在因素只能在这个基线上改善。从运动能力对疾病和疾病的影响来看,两者是齐头并进的。一方面,疾病对个人的运动能力产生了负面影响;另一方面,锻炼提供了一种有效的治疗选择。综合这些因素,运动能力是预期寿命以及发病率和死亡率的一个经常被忽视的预后变量。在这篇综述中,我们旨在提供关于遗传和后天运动能力之间联系的最新知识,以及代谢与运动能力相互作用的机制。©2023美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 13:5115-51552023。
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