The origin of eukaryotes and rise in complexity were synchronous with the rise in oxygen.

IF 2.8 Q2 MATHEMATICAL & COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
Frontiers in bioinformatics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fbinf.2023.1233281
Jack M Craig, Sudhir Kumar, S Blair Hedges
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Abstract

The origin of eukaryotes was among the most important events in the history of life, spawning a new evolutionary lineage that led to all complex multicellular organisms. However, the timing of this event, crucial for understanding its environmental context, has been difficult to establish. The fossil and biomarker records are sparse and molecular clocks have thus far not reached a consensus, with dates spanning 2.1-0.91 billion years ago (Ga) for critical nodes. Notably, molecular time estimates for the last common ancestor of eukaryotes are typically hundreds of millions of years younger than the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, 2.43-2.22 Ga), leading researchers to question the presumptive link between eukaryotes and oxygen. We obtained a new time estimate for the origin of eukaryotes using genetic data of both archaeal and bacterial origin, the latter rarely used in past studies. We also avoided potential calibration biases that may have affected earlier studies. We obtained a conservative interval of 2.2-1.5 Ga, with an even narrower core interval of 2.0-1.8 Ga, for the origin of eukaryotes, a period closely aligned with the rise in oxygen. We further reconstructed the history of biological complexity across the tree of life using three universal measures: cell types, genes, and genome size. We found that the rise in complexity was temporally consistent with and followed a pattern similar to the rise in oxygen. This suggests a causal relationship stemming from the increased energy needs of complex life fulfilled by oxygen.

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真核生物的起源和复杂性的增加与氧气的增加是同步的。
真核生物的起源是生命史上最重要的事件之一,产生了一个新的进化谱系,导致了所有复杂的多细胞生物。然而,这一事件的时间安排对于理解其环境背景至关重要,一直很难确定。化石和生物标志物记录稀少,分子钟迄今尚未达成共识,关键节点的日期跨度为21-0.91亿年前(Ga)。值得注意的是,对真核生物最后一个共同祖先的分子时间估计通常比大氧化事件(GOE,2.43-2.22 Ga)年轻数亿年,这导致研究人员质疑真核生物与氧气之间的假定联系。我们使用古菌和细菌起源的遗传数据获得了对真核生物起源的新的时间估计,后者在过去的研究中很少使用。我们还避免了可能影响早期研究的潜在校准偏差。对于真核生物的起源,我们获得了2.2至1.5 Ga的保守区间,2.0至1.8 Ga的核心区间甚至更窄,这一时期与氧气的增加密切相关。我们使用三种通用的衡量标准:细胞类型、基因和基因组大小,进一步重建了整个生命树的生物复杂性历史。我们发现复杂性的增加在时间上与氧气的增加一致,并遵循类似的模式。这表明了一种因果关系,源于氧气满足的复杂生命的能量需求增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
2.60
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