Simulation of a Solar Lithium Bromide-Water Absorption Cooling System in Oujda City of Northeast Morocco

Abstract

Since the beginning of the third millennium, significant growth in the usage of conventional air conditioning systems was observed. This increase caused an enhancement in building electricity consumption. Therefore, the development of solar air conditioning systems applied to buildings is of great interest. However, it is essential to understand and assess this alternative solution. In this regard, this study focuses on solar cooling technology as an alternative to conventional air conditioning systems, which consume a significant amount of electricity. A mathematical model of a single-effect absorption chiller was developed using TRNSYS software to analyze the dynamic behavior of the system. The energy performance of the solar cooling system was evaluated by analyzing the solar fraction, coefficient of performance, and thermal efficiency. The optimal size of the solar panel surface and storage reservoir capacity were determined for Oujda, Morocco’s climatic conditions. Simulation results showed that a 600 m² flat plate collectors (FPC) with a 2.5 m³ storage tank could sustain a peak load of 108 kW while ensuring continuous performance. The system’s efficiency was improved by maximizing useful energy and minimizing supplementary energy consumption, achieving a significant monthly average solar fraction in July to meet cooling demand. The coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller was found to be 0.53, maintaining a chilled temperature of 6.67°C. These findings demonstrate the potential of solar cooling technology as an effective and sustainable alternative for building air conditioning.