Graphene in rubber formulations: a comprehensive review and performance optimization insights

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Molecular Systems Design & Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI:10.1039/D3ME00082F

Y. L. Leong, H. N. Lim and I. Ibrahim

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Abstract

Graphene is widely incorporated into rubber matrices to enhance mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties in nanocomposites. However, its hydrophobicity and lack of functionalities cause agglomeration, impacting nanocomposite properties. Intense agitation techniques like mechanical blending, grinding, and sonication modify graphene and disrupt π–π interactions between sheets. Hybrid fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, metals, nanocellulose, and nanocrystals, enhance graphene's dispersibility and create new value in nanocomposites. Graphene's exceptional properties make it applicable in the medical, electronics, and tire industries. Optimizing graphene incorporation is crucial to exploit its benefits. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimizes graphene nanocomposites effectively and efficiently, surpassing traditional methods. The review discusses recent advancements in graphene modification, hybridization, and applications in rubber products. Furthermore, RSM utilization for optimizing graphene–rubber nanocomposites is explored. The paper concludes with future prospects for graphene in rubber formulations.

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橡胶配方中的石墨烯：全面综述和性能优化见解

石墨烯被广泛掺入橡胶基体中，以增强纳米复合材料的机械、电学和热学性能。然而，其疏水性和缺乏功能性会导致团聚，影响纳米复合材料的性能。机械共混、研磨和超声处理等剧烈搅拌技术修饰石墨烯，破坏石墨烯片之间的π–π相互作用。混合填料，如碳纳米管、金属、纳米纤维素和纳米晶体，增强了石墨烯的分散性，并在纳米复合材料中创造了新的价值。石墨烯的特殊性能使其适用于医疗、电子和轮胎行业。优化石墨烯的掺入对于利用其优势至关重要。响应面法（RSM）有效地优化了石墨烯纳米复合材料，超越了传统方法。综述了石墨烯改性、杂化及其在橡胶制品中的应用的最新进展。此外，还探索了RSM在优化石墨烯-橡胶纳米复合材料中的应用。文章最后对石墨烯在橡胶配方中的应用前景进行了展望。

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来源期刊

Molecular Systems Design & Engineering Engineering-Biomedical Engineering

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

2.80%

发文量

144

期刊介绍： Molecular Systems Design & Engineering provides a hub for cutting-edge research into how understanding of molecular properties, behaviour and interactions can be used to design and assemble better materials, systems, and processes to achieve specific functions. These may have applications of technological significance and help address global challenges.