{"title":"Early flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis <i>altered meristem program1</i> mutant is dependent on the FLOWERING LOCUS T-mediated pathway.","authors":"Takashi Nobusawa, Hiroshi Yamatani, Makoto Kusaba","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0515a","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlling the flowering time is crucial for propagating plant species and crop production. <i>ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1</i> (<i>AMP1</i>) in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> encodes a putative carboxypeptidase, and an <i>AMP1</i> mutant (<i>amp1</i>) was found to cause highly pleiotropic phenotypes including a short plastochron, an enlarged shoot apical meristem, and reduced apical dominance. Although <i>amp1</i> also shows an early flowering phenotype, its mechanism has not been investigated in detail. The most important floral integrator or florigen gene, <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i> (<i>FT</i>), has a close relative, <i>TWIN SISTER OF FT</i> (<i>TSF</i>). In this report, we generated a new allele of <i>tsf</i> using a genome-editing technique and produced <i>ft tsf</i> double and <i>amp1 ft tsf</i> triple mutants. The flowering time of <i>amp1 ft tsf</i> was equally as late as <i>ft tsf</i> under long-day conditions. In addition, the expression level of <i>FT</i> in <i>amp1</i> was 2.4-fold higher than that in wild-type, even five days after germination under long-day conditions. These results suggest that the elevated expression level of <i>FT</i> is responsible for the early flowering phenotype of <i>amp1</i>. Furthermore, expression of <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> (<i>FLC</i>), a negative regulator of <i>FT</i> expression, is severely repressed in <i>amp1</i>, raising the possibility that low expression levels of <i>FLC</i> contributes to upregulation of <i>FT</i> expression and the early flowering phenotype of <i>amp1</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9592955/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-3-22.0515a.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0515a","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Controlling the flowering time is crucial for propagating plant species and crop production. ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1 (AMP1) in Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative carboxypeptidase, and an AMP1 mutant (amp1) was found to cause highly pleiotropic phenotypes including a short plastochron, an enlarged shoot apical meristem, and reduced apical dominance. Although amp1 also shows an early flowering phenotype, its mechanism has not been investigated in detail. The most important floral integrator or florigen gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), has a close relative, TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF). In this report, we generated a new allele of tsf using a genome-editing technique and produced ft tsf double and amp1 ft tsf triple mutants. The flowering time of amp1 ft tsf was equally as late as ft tsf under long-day conditions. In addition, the expression level of FT in amp1 was 2.4-fold higher than that in wild-type, even five days after germination under long-day conditions. These results suggest that the elevated expression level of FT is responsible for the early flowering phenotype of amp1. Furthermore, expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a negative regulator of FT expression, is severely repressed in amp1, raising the possibility that low expression levels of FLC contributes to upregulation of FT expression and the early flowering phenotype of amp1.
期刊介绍:
Plant Biotechnology is an international, open-access, and online journal, published every three months by the Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology. The journal, first published in 1984 as the predecessor journal, “Plant Tissue Culture Letters” and became its present form in 1997 when the society name was renamed to Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, publishes findings in the areas from basic- to application research of plant biotechnology. The aim of Plant Biotechnology is to publish original and high-impact papers, in the most rapid turnaround time for reviewing, on the plant biotechnology including tissue culture, production of specialized metabolites, transgenic technology, and genome editing technology, and also on the related research fields including molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, plant breeding, plant physiology and biochemistry, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and bioinformatics.