Central diabetes insipidus and burn trauma.

Scars, burns & healing Pub Date : 2022-10-19 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1177/20595131221122312
Jonathan Kopel, Tanir Moreno, Simran Singh, Nicole Van-Spronsen, Grant Sorensen, John Griswold
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Abstract

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. In most cases, the condition results from either an inadequate release or resistance to the activity of antidiuretic hormone in the renal collecting tubules. The underlying pathophysiology may be related to destruction the destruction or degeneration of neurons from inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, vascular diseases, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, or trauma. However, a large majority of diabetes insipidus cases (50%) are considered idiopathic. An exceedingly rare cause of idiopathic central DI occurs in burn injuries, which has only been reported in eight cases. We present an extremely rare case of idiopathic DI in a 15-year-old male with 76% total body surface area (TBSA) burns with the development of idiopathic central DI. An extensive literature review was accomplished to compare this case with the small number of previously reported case reports of idiopathic DI in burn patients.

Lay summary: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare complication of burn injuries that results from the destruction of neurons involved in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland. Only eight cases of DI have been reported in the literature in association to burn injuries. The patient in this case report received immediate fluid resuscitation, burn treatment, and intensive observation after the initial burn injury. The rapid response was likely the main reason for the absence of neurological damage as reported in the CT image. Therefore, the treatment of burn injuries remains an important step for reducing neurological damage and hormonal dysregulation leading to diabetes insipidus.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

中枢性尿崩症和烧伤。
尿崩症(DI)以多尿和多饮为特征。在大多数情况下,这种情况是由于肾收集小管中抗利尿激素释放不足或抵抗活性所致。潜在的病理生理可能与炎症、自身免疫性疾病、血管疾病、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症、结节病或创伤引起的神经元破坏或变性有关。然而,大多数尿崩症病例(50%)被认为是特发性的。一个非常罕见的原因特发性中枢性DI发生在烧伤,这只报道了8例。我们报告一个极其罕见的特发性DI病例,15岁的男性,76%的体表面积(TBSA)烧伤并发展为特发性中央DI。我们进行了广泛的文献回顾,将该病例与先前报道的少数烧伤患者特发性DI病例报告进行了比较。摘要:尿崩症(DI)是一种罕见的烧伤并发症,其原因是参与垂体分泌抗利尿激素的神经元被破坏。文献中仅报道了8例与烧伤相关的DI。本病例报告的患者在最初的烧伤后立即接受了液体复苏、烧伤治疗和密切观察。快速反应可能是CT图像中没有神经损伤的主要原因。因此,烧伤的治疗仍然是减少神经损伤和激素失调导致尿崩症的重要一步。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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