Subchromosomal karyotype evolution in Equidae.

P Musilova, S Kubickova, J Vahala, J Rubes
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引用次数: 23

Abstract

Equidae is a small family which comprises horses, African and Asiatic asses, and zebras. Despite equids having diverged quite recently, their karyotypes underwent rapid evolution which resulted in extensive differences among chromosome complements in respective species. Comparative mapping using whole-chromosome painting probes delineated genome-wide chromosome homologies among extant equids, enabling us to trace chromosome rearrangements that occurred during evolution. In the present study, we performed subchromosomal comparative mapping among seven Equidae species, representing the whole family. Region-specific painting and bacterial artificial chromosome probes were used to determine the orientation of evolutionarily conserved segments with respect to centromere positions. This allowed assessment of the configuration of all fusions occurring during the evolution of Equidae, as well as revealing discrepancies in centromere location caused by centromere repositioning or inversions. Our results indicate that the prevailing type of fusion in Equidae is centric fusion. Tandem fusions of the type telomere-telomere occur almost exclusively in the karyotype of Hartmann's zebra and are characteristic of this species' evolution. We revealed inversions in segments homologous to horse chromosomes 3p/10p and 13 in zebras and confirmed inversions in segments 4/31 in African ass, 7 in horse and 8p/20 in zebras. Furthermore, our mapping results suggested that centromere repositioning events occurred in segments homologous to horse chromosomes 7, 8q, 10p and 19 in the African ass and an element homologous to horse chromosome 16 in Asiatic asses. Centromere repositioning in chromosome 1 resulted in three different chromosome types occurring in extant species. Heterozygosity of the centromere position of this chromosome was observed in the kiang. Other subtle changes in centromere position were described in several evolutionary conserved chromosomal segments, suggesting that tiny centromere repositioning or pericentric inversions are quite frequent in zebras and asses.

马科动物的亚染色体核型进化。
马科是一个小科,包括马、非洲和亚洲驴和斑马。尽管马科动物最近才出现分化,但它们的核型经历了快速进化,这导致了各自物种染色体互补体之间的广泛差异。利用全染色体绘制探针的比较作图描绘了现存马科动物的全基因组染色体同源性,使我们能够追踪进化过程中发生的染色体重排。在本研究中,我们对代表整个科的7个马科物种进行了亚染色体比较作图。区域特异性绘画和细菌人工染色体探针用于确定进化上保守的片段相对于着丝粒位置的方向。这可以评估在Equidae进化过程中发生的所有融合的配置,以及揭示由着丝粒重新定位或反转引起的着丝粒位置差异。我们的结果表明,Equidae中主要的融合类型是中心融合。端粒-端粒型的串联融合几乎只发生在哈特曼斑马的核型中,并且是该物种进化的特征。我们在斑马中发现了与马染色体3p/10p和13同源的片段倒置,并在非洲驴、马和斑马中证实了4/31、7和8p/20片段的倒置。此外,我们的定位结果表明,着丝粒重定位事件发生在非洲驴中与马染色体7、8q、10p和19同源的片段,以及亚洲驴中与马染色体16同源的元件。在现存物种中,1号染色体的着丝粒重新定位导致了三种不同的染色体类型。在江中观察到该染色体的着丝粒位置的杂合性。在几个进化保守的染色体片段中描述了着丝粒位置的其他细微变化,这表明在斑马和驴中,微小的着丝粒重新定位或中心倒位是相当频繁的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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