Induction of human lampbrush chromosomes.

Ji-Long Liu, Joseph G Gall
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Abstract

We previously demonstrated that sperm heads from amphibians (Xenopus and Rana) and zebrafish (Danio) could form giant lampbrush chromosomes when injected into the nucleus of amphibian oocytes. However, similar experiments with mammalian sperm heads were unsuccessful. Here, we describe a slightly modified procedure and demonstrate that human sperm heads can form giant lampbrush chromosomes when injected into the oocyte nucleus of the frog Xenopus laevis or the newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Human and other mammalian chromosomes do not form recognizable lampbrush chromosomes in their own oocytes or in any somatic cells. These experiments thus demonstrate that the lampbrush condition is an inducible state and that the amphibian oocyte nucleus contains all factors required to remodel the inactive chromatin of a mammalian sperm into a transcriptionally active state. They also demonstrate that absence of lampbrush chromosomes from human oocytes must relate to specific features of mammalian oogenesis, not to permanent genetic or epigenetic changes in the chromatin.

人类灯刷染色体的诱导。
我们之前证明了两栖动物(Xenopus和Rana)和斑马鱼(Danio)的精子头在注入两栖动物卵母细胞细胞核时可以形成巨大的灯刷染色体。然而,对哺乳动物精子头进行的类似实验没有成功。在这里,我们描述了一个稍微修改的程序,并证明当注射到非洲爪蟾或蝾螈的卵母细胞核中时,人类精子头可以形成巨大的灯刷染色体。人类和其他哺乳动物的染色体在它们自己的卵母细胞或任何体细胞中都不能形成可识别的灯刷染色体。因此,这些实验证明了灯刷状态是一种可诱导状态,并且两栖动物卵母细胞核含有将哺乳动物精子的非活性染色质重塑为转录活性状态所需的所有因子。他们还证明,人类卵母细胞中灯刷染色体的缺失一定与哺乳动物卵发生的特定特征有关,而不是与染色质的永久遗传或表观遗传变化有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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