High Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease Among People Living with Hypertension in Rural Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 2.1 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease Pub Date : 2021-12-21 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI:10.2147/IJNRD.S342099

Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Anu Jegede Williams, Musa Bangura, Marta Lado, Sahr Kanawa, Daniel Lavallie, Michael Mhango, Haja Isatta Wurie, Marta Patiño Rodriguez

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Abstract

Introduction: Currently, there are no data on prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with hypertension in rural Sierra Leone.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD in rural Sierra Leone.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study of hypertension patients aged between 18 and 75 years attending a non-communicable disease clinic at Koidu Government Hospital, Kono District, Sierra Leone was conducted between February and December 2020. Using systematic random sampling, a structured questionnaire, which comprised of questions on social demographic characteristics and past and current clinical history, was administered followed by measurement of creatinine and urinary protein and glucose. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using CKD-epidemiology formula without race as a factor. Baseline eGFR between 60-89 min/mL/1.73m² and <60 min/mL/1.73m² defined reduced eGFR and renal impairment, respectively. Estimated GFR less than 60 min/mL/1.73m² measured two times at least 3 months apart was used to define CKD.

Results: Ninety-six percent (n = 304) patients out of 317 patients were included in the study. Among all included patients, only 3.9% (n = 12) had eGFR of 90 min/mL/1.73m² and above. The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD was 52% (158/304, CI 46.2-57.7) and 29.9% (91/304, CI 24.8-34.5), respectively. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, currently taking herbal medications as treatment of hypertension (OR 4.11 (CI 1.14-14.80), p = 0.03) and being overweight and/or obese (OR 2.16 (CI 1.24-3.78), p < 0.001) was associated with CKD. Additionally, receiving some education was associated with a 48% (OR 0.52 (CI 0.29-0.91), p = 0.02) reduced likelihood of CKD.

Conclusion: The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD is high among hypertensive patients in rural Sierra Leone. CKD was associated with current history of taking herbal medications and being overweight and/or obese. Additionally, CKD was associated with reduced likelihood in patients who received some education.

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塞拉利昂农村地区高血压患者慢性肾病患病率高：一项横断面研究。

导言：目的：估计塞拉利昂农村地区慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率和相关风险因素：2020 年 2 月至 12 月期间，在塞拉利昂科诺区科伊杜政府医院非传染性疾病诊所就诊的 18 至 75 岁高血压患者进行了一项横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样的方法，发放了一份结构化问卷，其中包括社会人口特征、既往和当前临床病史等问题，随后测量了肌酐、尿蛋白和葡萄糖。估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）采用的是不考虑种族因素的 CKD 流行病学公式。基线 eGFR 在 60-89 min/mL/1.73m2 和 2 之间分别定义为 eGFR 降低和肾功能受损。相隔至少 3 个月测量两次的估计肾小球滤过率小于 60 min/mL/1.73m2 被用来定义慢性肾功能衰竭：在 317 名患者中，96%（n = 304）的患者被纳入研究。在所有纳入的患者中，仅有 3.9% （12 人）的 eGFR 达到 90 min/mL/1.73m2 及以上。肾功能损害和慢性肾功能衰竭的患病率分别为 52%（158/304，CI 46.2-57.7）和 29.9%（91/304，CI 24.8-34.5）。在调整后的逻辑回归分析中，目前服用草药治疗高血压（OR 4.11 (CI 1.14-14.80)，P = 0.03）和超重和/或肥胖（OR 2.16 (CI 1.24-3.78)，P < 0.001）与慢性肾脏病有关。此外，受过一定教育的人患慢性肾脏病的可能性降低了 48% (OR 0.52 (CI 0.29-0.91), p = 0.02)：结论：在塞拉利昂农村地区的高血压患者中，肾功能损害和慢性肾功能衰竭的发病率很高。结论：在塞拉利昂农村地区的高血压患者中，肾功能损害和慢性肾功能衰竭的发病率很高。慢性肾功能衰竭与目前服用草药、超重和/或肥胖有关。此外，接受过一定教育的患者患慢性肾功能衰竭的可能性较低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY-

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal focusing on the pathophysiology of the kidney and vascular supply. Epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, and treatment interventions are covered as well as basic science, biochemical and immunological studies. In particular, emphasis will be given to: -Chronic kidney disease- Complications of renovascular disease- Imaging techniques- Renal hypertension- Renal cancer- Treatment including pharmacological and transplantation- Dialysis and treatment of complications of dialysis and renal disease- Quality of Life- Patient satisfaction and preference- Health economic evaluations. The journal welcomes submitted papers covering original research, basic science, clinical studies, reviews & evaluations, guidelines, expert opinion and commentary, case reports and extended reports. The main focus of the journal will be to publish research and clinical results in humans but preclinical, animal and in vitro studies will be published where they shed light on disease processes and potential new therapies and interventions.