Potential entry receptors for human γ-herpesvirus into epithelial cells: A plausible therapeutic target for viral infections

IF 4.7 Q1 VIROLOGY
Annu Rani , Shweta Jakhmola , Srikanth Karnati , Hamendra Singh Parmar , Hem Chandra Jha
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Herpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses, specifically the Epstein Barr virus (EBV). EBV and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establish their latency for a long period in B-cells and their reactivation instigates dreadful diseases from cancer to neurological modalities. The envelope glycoprotein of these viruses makes an attachment with several host receptors. For instance; glycoprotein 350/220, gp42, gHgL and gB of EBV establish an attachment with CD21, HLA-DR, Ephs, and other receptor molecules to hijack the B- and epithelial cell machinery. Ephs are reported recently as potent receptors for EBV entry into epithelial cells. Eph receptors play a role in the maintenance and control of various cellular processes including morphology, adhesion, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Alterations in the structure and expression of Eph and ephrin (Eph ligands) molecules is entangled with various pathologies including tumours and neurological complications. Along with Eph, integrins, NRP, NMHC are also key players in viral infections as they are possibly involved in viral transmission, replication and persistence. Contrarily, KSHV gH is known to interact with EphA2 and -A4 molecules, whereas in the case of EBV only EphA2 receptors are being reported to date. The ELEFN region of KSHV gH was involved in the interaction with EphA2, however, the interacting region of EBV gH is elusive. Further, the gHgL of KSHV and EBV form a complex with the EphA2 ligand-binding domain (LBD). Primarily by using gL both KSHV and EBV gHgL bind to the peripheral regions of LBD. In addition to γ-herpesviruses, several other viruses like Nipah virus, Cedar virus, Hepatitis C virus and Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) also access the host cells via Eph receptors. Therefore, we summarise the possible roles of Eph and ephrins in virus-mediated infection and these molecules could serve as potential therapeutic targets.

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人γ-疱疹病毒进入上皮细胞的潜在受体:病毒感染的似是而非的治疗靶点
疱疹病毒是一种普遍存在的病毒,特别是eb病毒(EBV)。EBV和卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)在b细胞中潜伏了很长一段时间,它们的再激活引发了从癌症到神经系统疾病的可怕疾病。这些病毒的包膜糖蛋白与几个宿主受体结合。例如;EBV的糖蛋白350/220、gp42、gHgL和gB与CD21、HLA-DR、Ephs等受体分子结合,劫持B细胞和上皮细胞机制。最近有报道称,eps是EBV进入上皮细胞的有效受体。Eph受体在维持和控制细胞形态、粘附、增殖、存活和分化等多种细胞过程中发挥重要作用。Eph和ephrin (Eph配体)分子的结构和表达的改变与包括肿瘤和神经系统并发症在内的各种病理有关。除了Eph,整合素、NRP、NMHC也是病毒感染的关键参与者,因为它们可能参与病毒的传播、复制和持续。相反,已知KSHV gH与EphA2和-A4分子相互作用,而在EBV的情况下,迄今为止仅报道了EphA2受体。KSHV gH的ELEFN区域参与了与EphA2的相互作用,而EBV gH的相互作用区域是未知的。此外,KSHV和EBV的gHgL与EphA2配体结合域(LBD)形成复合物。KSHV和EBV主要通过gL结合到LBD的外周区域。除γ-疱疹病毒外,尼帕病毒、雪松病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和恒河猴rhadinvirus (RRV)等其他病毒也可通过Eph受体进入宿主细胞。因此,我们总结了Eph和ephrin在病毒介导的感染中的可能作用,这些分子可以作为潜在的治疗靶点。
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来源期刊
Tumour Virus Research
Tumour Virus Research Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
2.30%
发文量
16
审稿时长
56 days
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