Virology of SARS-CoV-2 and management of nCOVID-19 utilizing immunomodulation properties of human mesenchymal stem cells-a literature review.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Stem cell investigation Pub Date : 2021-11-10 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI:10.21037/sci-2020-040

Kunj Sachdeva, Anil Kumar, Sujata Mohanty

{"title":"Virology of SARS-CoV-2 and management of nCOVID-19 utilizing immunomodulation properties of human mesenchymal stem cells-a literature review.","authors":"Kunj Sachdeva, Anil Kumar, Sujata Mohanty","doi":"10.21037/sci-2020-040","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this review article is to outline the pathology, virology and mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to study the regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to tackle the lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2.Background: The MSCs possess trophic potentialities which enable them to find out the sites of injury or inflammation and because of their pleiotropic and pericytic nature, these cells are capable of differentiating into different cell types. The MSCs can be derived from a variety of tissue sources be it adult or embryonic origin. The one major characteristic of MSCs is that they are immunologically naïve in terms of expression of MHC Class II. This very low or no expression of MHC class II makes them useful in clinical settings where they can be used in allogenic transplant cases. This allogenic transplant possibilities of these MSCs makes them one of the most researched stem cells and investigated for cell-based therapies. Though these MSCs are in clinical settings for long the one even more important characteristic which makes them even more in demand is their immunomodulatory properties which have been used in various cases to mitigate the effect of overstimulation of the immune system. In recent times after the pandemic of the novel corona virus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) generated by SARS-CoV-2, the effect of various MSCs isolated from various tissue sources are being utilized to curb the overstimulation of immune response, so that the immune system can be brought under some regulation to ultimately reduce the effect of inflammation.Methods: In this review article, we have reviewed the existing literature, data and ongoing clinical trials by using keywords like novel coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, acute respiratory distress syndrome, mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation properties of stem cells, regenerative properties of stem cells, cell therapy, clinical trials of stem cells, clinical trials of COVID-19 and stem cells till 20th August 2020 using database named PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate and Clinicaltrials.gov.Conclusions: Thus, concluding the therapeutic potential of MSCs in managing and treating COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":21938,"journal":{"name":"Stem cell investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642741/pdf/sci-08-2020-040.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Stem cell investigation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21037/sci-2020-040","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this review article is to outline the pathology, virology and mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to study the regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to tackle the lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The MSCs possess trophic potentialities which enable them to find out the sites of injury or inflammation and because of their pleiotropic and pericytic nature, these cells are capable of differentiating into different cell types. The MSCs can be derived from a variety of tissue sources be it adult or embryonic origin. The one major characteristic of MSCs is that they are immunologically naïve in terms of expression of MHC Class II. This very low or no expression of MHC class II makes them useful in clinical settings where they can be used in allogenic transplant cases. This allogenic transplant possibilities of these MSCs makes them one of the most researched stem cells and investigated for cell-based therapies. Though these MSCs are in clinical settings for long the one even more important characteristic which makes them even more in demand is their immunomodulatory properties which have been used in various cases to mitigate the effect of overstimulation of the immune system. In recent times after the pandemic of the novel corona virus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) generated by SARS-CoV-2, the effect of various MSCs isolated from various tissue sources are being utilized to curb the overstimulation of immune response, so that the immune system can be brought under some regulation to ultimately reduce the effect of inflammation.

Methods: In this review article, we have reviewed the existing literature, data and ongoing clinical trials by using keywords like novel coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, acute respiratory distress syndrome, mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation properties of stem cells, regenerative properties of stem cells, cell therapy, clinical trials of stem cells, clinical trials of COVID-19 and stem cells till 20th August 2020 using database named PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate and Clinicaltrials.gov.

Conclusions: Thus, concluding the therapeutic potential of MSCs in managing and treating COVID-19.

查看原文本刊更多论文

SARS-CoV-2病毒学研究及利用人间充质干细胞免疫调节特性治疗新冠肺炎的文献综述

目的:综述严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)的病理、病毒学和机制，研究间充质干细胞(MSCs)在治疗SARS-CoV-2引起的肺损伤中的再生作用。背景:间充质干细胞具有营养潜能，使它们能够发现损伤或炎症的部位，并且由于它们的多变性和周细胞性，这些细胞能够分化成不同的细胞类型。骨髓间充质干细胞可以来自多种组织来源，无论是成人还是胚胎来源。MSCs的一个主要特征是它们在免疫上naïve表达MHC II类。这种非常低或不表达MHC II类的情况使它们在临床环境中非常有用，它们可以用于同种异体移植病例。这种同种异体移植的可能性使这些间充质干细胞成为研究最多的干细胞之一，并研究了基于细胞的治疗方法。虽然这些间充质干细胞在临床环境中使用了很长时间，但一个更重要的特征使它们更受欢迎的是它们的免疫调节特性，这种特性在各种情况下被用来减轻免疫系统过度刺激的影响。近年来，在SARS-CoV-2引发的新型冠状病毒病(nCOVID-19)大流行后，利用从各种组织来源分离的各种间充质干细胞的作用，抑制免疫反应的过度刺激，从而使免疫系统受到一定的调节，最终减少炎症的影响。方法:在这篇综述文章中，我们使用了新型冠状病毒、COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2、MERS-CoV、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、间质干细胞、干细胞的免疫调节特性、干细胞的再生特性、细胞治疗、干细胞的临床试验、COVID-19的临床试验和截至2020年8月20日的干细胞等关键词，对现有文献、数据和正在进行的临床试验进行了回顾，数据库包括PubMed、NCBI、Google Scholar、Scopus、结论:由此得出间充质干细胞在COVID-19管理和治疗中的治疗潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Stem cell investigation Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Developmental Biology

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Stem Cell Investigation (SCI; Stem Cell Investig; Online ISSN: 2313-0792) is a free access, peer-reviewed online journal covering basic, translational, and clinical research on all aspects of stem cells. It publishes original research articles and reviews on embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, adult tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, cancer stem like cells, stem cell niche, stem cell technology, stem cell based drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Investigation is indexed in PubMed/PMC since April, 2016.