Designing an ideal alcohol-based hand sanitizer: in vitro antibacterial responses of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol solutions to changing composition.

AAPS Open Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-22 DOI:10.1186/s41120-021-00038-x
Ifeanyi T Nzekwe, Onyedika I Agwuka, Moses U Okezie, Daniel O Fasheun, Petra O Nnamani, Chukwuma O Agubata
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Abstract

This study aimed to achieve an in vitro quantification of the effects of composition and formulation factors on the killing rates of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The killing rates of 85% ethyl alcohol (ET) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were studied under different conditions such as pH, electrolyte concentration, or inclusion of herbal extracts (cucumber, carrot, and aloe vera), a quaternary ammonium compound, or thickener over different time intervals. Changes in the activities were retested after 3 months as an indication of stability. From two-way ANOVA, both the time of exposure and the sanitizer type affected the activity against Staphylococcus aureus (P = 0.001 for both alcohols), whereas for Escherichia coli, time of exposure was significant (P = 0.027), while sanitizer type was less significant (P = 0.063). Extreme pHs, the presence of ions, and the inclusion of additives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC), plant extracts, or carbomer impacted the 3-month activity of the samples differently. Important differences existing in the activities of ET and IPA, as a function of formulation factors or use conditions have been quantified using in vitro methods. Formulations should best be tailored for particular purposes and the all-purpose hand sanitizer may not exist.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41120-021-00038-x.

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设计一种理想的酒精基洗手液:乙醇和异丙醇溶液对改变组成的体外抗菌反应。
本研究旨在实现体外定量的成分和配方因素对醇基洗手液杀灭率的影响。研究了85%乙醇(ET)和异丙醇(IPA)在不同pH、电解质浓度、草药提取物(黄瓜、胡萝卜和芦荟)、季铵化合物或增稠剂等不同时间间隔条件下的杀虫率。3个月后重新测试活动的变化,作为稳定性的指示。通过双因素方差分析,暴露时间和消毒剂类型对金黄色葡萄球菌的活性都有影响(两种酒精均为P = 0.001),而对大肠杆菌的活性,暴露时间显著(P = 0.027),而消毒剂类型不显著(P = 0.063)。极端ph值、离子的存在以及添加苯扎氯铵(BAC)、植物提取物或卡波姆等添加剂对样品3个月的活性有不同的影响。ET和IPA活性存在的重要差异,作为配方因素或使用条件的函数,已经用体外方法进行了量化。配方最好是为特定目的量身定制的,万能洗手液可能不存在。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,提供地址:10.1186/s41120-021-00038-x。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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