{"title":"TLRs in COVID-19: How they drive immunopathology and the rationale for modulation.","authors":"F Linzee Mabrey, Eric D Morrell, Mark M Wurfel","doi":"10.1177/17534259211051364","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is both a viral illness and a disease of immunopathology. Proximal events within the innate immune system drive the balance between deleterious inflammation and viral clearance. We hypothesize that a divergence between the generation of excessive inflammation through over activation of the TLR associated myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD88) pathway relative to the TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) pathway plays a key role in COVID-19 severity. Both viral elements and damage associated host molecules act as TLR ligands in this process. In this review, we detail the mechanism for this imbalance in COVID-19 based on available evidence, and we discuss how modulation of critical elements may be important in reducing severity of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/ca/10.1177_17534259211051364.PMC8762091.pdf","citationCount":"24","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Innate Immunity","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259211051364","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/11/20 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Abstract
COVID-19 is both a viral illness and a disease of immunopathology. Proximal events within the innate immune system drive the balance between deleterious inflammation and viral clearance. We hypothesize that a divergence between the generation of excessive inflammation through over activation of the TLR associated myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD88) pathway relative to the TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) pathway plays a key role in COVID-19 severity. Both viral elements and damage associated host molecules act as TLR ligands in this process. In this review, we detail the mechanism for this imbalance in COVID-19 based on available evidence, and we discuss how modulation of critical elements may be important in reducing severity of disease.
期刊介绍：
Innate Immunity is a highly ranked, peer-reviewed scholarly journal and is the official journal of the International Endotoxin & Innate Immunity Society (IEIIS). The journal welcomes manuscripts from researchers actively working on all aspects of innate immunity including biologically active bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and plant components, as well as relevant cells, their receptors, signaling pathways, and induced mediators. The aim of the Journal is to provide a single, interdisciplinary forum for the dissemination of new information on innate immunity in humans, animals, and plants to researchers. The Journal creates a vehicle for the publication of articles encompassing all areas of research, basic, applied, and clinical. The subject areas of interest include, but are not limited to, research in biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, chemistry, clinical medicine, immunology, infectious disease, microbiology, molecular biology, and pharmacology.
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