Application of geometric morphometrics for facial congenital anomaly studies.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q3 PEDIATRICS
Congenital Anomalies Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-17 DOI:10.1111/cga.12461
Motoki Katsube, Shigehito Yamada, Natsuko Utsunomiya, Naoki Morimoto
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The face is a small complex three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of various bones and essential organs. Congenital anomalies of those organs represent various deformities; therefore, their quantification has been challenging. Linear measurements, such as lengths or angles between landmarks, called conventional morphometrics, have been used to quantify their phenotypes usually using 2D images, such as photographs or X-ray images. During analysis, geometric information, which refers to the relative position of each structure, is lost. Geometric morphometrics (GM) uses shape configurations, including anatomical landmarks, which can retain geometric information throughout analysis and can help visualize the results, making it tremendously advantageous compared to conventional methods. Morphometric studies investigate variations within groups, identification of group differences, simulation of the ontogeny, or association with specific organs or genetic disorders, and GM can be applied to these purposes using multivariate statistical methods. The calculation of high-dimensional data is usually required and has prevented GM from becoming a major morphometric method. However, recent developments in computer technology and software have enabled us to perform it easily with ordinary home computers, and the number of morphometric studies applying GM for facial congenital anomalies has been increasing recently. In this article, we introduce the concept and application of GM and review previous morphometric studies with GM regarding congenital facial anomalies.

几何形态计量学在面部先天性异常研究中的应用。
脸是一个小而复杂的三维(3D)结构,由各种骨骼和重要器官组成。这些器官的先天性异常表现为各种畸形;因此,它们的量化一直具有挑战性。线性测量,如地标之间的长度或角度,称为传统形态测量学,通常使用二维图像(如照片或x射线图像)来量化它们的表型。在分析过程中,丢失了几何信息,即每个结构的相对位置。几何形态计量学(GM)使用形状配置,包括解剖标志,可以在整个分析过程中保留几何信息,并有助于可视化结果,与传统方法相比,它具有极大的优势。形态计量学研究调查群体内的变异,群体差异的识别,个体发生的模拟,或与特定器官或遗传疾病的关联,转基因可以通过多变量统计方法应用于这些目的。通常需要计算高维数据,这阻碍了GM成为主要的形态测量方法。然而,最近计算机技术和软件的发展使我们能够用普通的家用电脑轻松地执行它,并且最近将GM应用于面部先天性异常的形态计量学研究的数量也在增加。在本文中,我们介绍了基因改造的概念和应用,并回顾了基因改造在先天性面部畸形方面的形态学研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Congenital Anomalies
Congenital Anomalies PEDIATRICS-
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Congenital Anomalies is the official English language journal of the Japanese Teratology Society, and publishes original articles in laboratory as well as clinical research in all areas of abnormal development and related fields, from all over the world. Although contributions by members of the teratology societies affiliated with The International Federation of Teratology Societies are given priority, contributions from non-members are welcomed.
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