Viral and Host Attributes Underlying the Origins of Zoonotic Coronaviruses in Bats.

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-11 DOI:10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000027
Alison E Stout, Qinghua Guo, Jean K Millet, Gary R Whittaker
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With a presumed origin in bats, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major source of morbidity and mortality in the hu- man population, and the causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, aligns most closely at the genome level with the bat coronaviruses RaBtCoV4991/RaTG13 and RmYN02. The ability of bats to provide reservoirs of numerous viruses in addition to coronaviruses remains an active area of research. Unique aspects of the physiology of the chiropteran immune system may contribute to the ability of bats to serve as viral reservoirs. The coronavirus spike protein plays important roles in viral pathogenesis and the immune response. Although much attention has focused on the spike receptor-binding domain, a unique aspect of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with its closest relatives is the presence of a furin cleavage site in the S1-S2 region of the spike protein. Proteolytic activation is likely an important feature that allows SARS-CoV-2-and other coronaviruses-to overcome the species barriers and thus cause human disease. The diversity of bat species limits the ability to draw broad conclusions about viral pathogenesis, but comparisons across species and with reference to humans and other susceptible mammals may guide future research in this regard.

Abstract Image

蝙蝠中动物源性冠状病毒起源的病毒和宿主属性。
据推测,COVID-19 大流行病起源于蝙蝠,是造成人类发病和死亡的主要原因,其病原体 SARS-CoV-2 在基因组水平上与蝙蝠冠状病毒 RaBtCoV4991/RaTG13 和 RmYN02 最为相似。除冠状病毒外,蝙蝠还能储存多种病毒,这仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。蝙蝠免疫系统生理学的独特方面可能有助于提高蝙蝠作为病毒库的能力。冠状病毒尖峰蛋白在病毒致病和免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。尽管许多注意力都集中在尖峰受体结合域上,但与近亲相比,SARS-CoV-2 的一个独特之处在于尖峰蛋白的 S1-S2 区域存在一个呋喃裂解位点。蛋白水解活化可能是 SARS-CoV-2 和其他冠状病毒克服物种障碍从而导致人类疾病的一个重要特征。蝙蝠物种的多样性限制了对病毒致病机理得出广泛结论的能力,但跨物种的比较以及与人类和其他易感哺乳动物的比较可能会指导未来这方面的研究。
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来源期刊
Comparative medicine
Comparative medicine 医学-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comparative Medicine (CM), an international journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. The mission of CM is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information that expands biomedical knowledge and promotes human and animal health through the study of laboratory animal disease, animal models of disease, and basic biologic mechanisms related to disease in people and animals.
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