Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cerebral Protection of Ischemic Stroke.

IF 0.6 4区医学 Q4 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Neuro endocrinology letters Pub Date : 2021-07-01

Dingyu Rao, Chengpeng Sang, Zhonghong Lai, Jiangning Zhong, Zhixian Tang

{"title":"Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cerebral Protection of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Dingyu Rao, Chengpeng Sang, Zhonghong Lai, Jiangning Zhong, Zhixian Tang","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide and exhibits a high disability rate. Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all stroke cases. Inflammatory responses induced by innate immunity are involved in all stages of stroke-related injury, including early cerebral-infarction tissue repair and regeneration after ischemia. Toll-like receptors are the main receptors involved in innate immunity. Toll-like receptors specific antagonists inhibit neuroinflammation by reducing overproduction of inflammatory mediators. But there are still some limitations, such as affecting protein clearance and myelination. Extracellular vesicles are widespread and distributed in various body fluids, carry and transmit important signal molecules, affect the physiological state of cells and are closely related to the occurrence and progress of many diseases. In the present review, we summarize recent findings regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles act as signaling vectors to regulate cellular crosstalk between neurovascular units and further discuss the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells on brain injury. Collectively, our review may provide novel insights into further elucidating pathogenesis and cerebral-protective measures of ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19098,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neuro endocrinology letters","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide and exhibits a high disability rate. Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all stroke cases. Inflammatory responses induced by innate immunity are involved in all stages of stroke-related injury, including early cerebral-infarction tissue repair and regeneration after ischemia. Toll-like receptors are the main receptors involved in innate immunity. Toll-like receptors specific antagonists inhibit neuroinflammation by reducing overproduction of inflammatory mediators. But there are still some limitations, such as affecting protein clearance and myelination. Extracellular vesicles are widespread and distributed in various body fluids, carry and transmit important signal molecules, affect the physiological state of cells and are closely related to the occurrence and progress of many diseases. In the present review, we summarize recent findings regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles act as signaling vectors to regulate cellular crosstalk between neurovascular units and further discuss the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells on brain injury. Collectively, our review may provide novel insights into further elucidating pathogenesis and cerebral-protective measures of ischemic stroke.

本刊更多论文

细胞外囊泡在缺血性卒中脑保护中的作用。

中风是全球第二大死因，致残率高。缺血性中风约占所有中风病例的80%。先天免疫诱导的炎症反应参与脑卒中相关损伤的各个阶段，包括早期脑梗死组织修复和缺血后的再生。toll样受体是参与先天免疫的主要受体。toll样受体特异性拮抗剂通过减少炎症介质的过度产生来抑制神经炎症。但仍有一些局限性，如影响蛋白质清除和髓鞘形成。细胞外囊泡广泛分布于各种体液中，携带和传递重要的信号分子，影响细胞的生理状态，与许多疾病的发生和进展密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近关于细胞外囊泡作为信号载体调节神经血管单位间细胞串扰的机制的发现，并进一步讨论了间充质干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡对脑损伤的治疗作用。总之，我们的综述可能为进一步阐明缺血性脑卒中的发病机制和脑保护措施提供新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Neuro endocrinology letters 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

14.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Neuroendocrinology Letters is an international, peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal covering the fields of Neuroendocrinology, Neuroscience, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychopharmacology, Psychoneuroimmunology, Reproductive Medicine, Chronobiology, Human Ethology and related fields for RAPID publication of Original Papers, Review Articles, State-of-the-art, Clinical Reports and other contributions from all the fields covered by Neuroendocrinology Letters. Papers from both basic research (methodology, molecular and cellular biology, anatomy, histology, biology, embryology, teratology, normal and pathological physiology, biophysics, pharmacology, pathology and experimental pathology, biochemistry, neurochemistry, enzymology, chronobiology, receptor studies, endocrinology, immunology and neuroimmunology, animal physiology, animal breeding and ethology, human ethology, psychology and others) and from clinical research (neurology, psychiatry and child psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, endocrinology, immunology, cardiovascular studies, internal medicine, oncology and others) will be considered. The Journal publishes Original papers and Review Articles. Brief reports, Special Communications, proved they are based on adequate experimental evidence, Clinical Studies, Case Reports, Commentaries, Discussions, Letters to the Editor (correspondence column), Book Reviews, Congress Reports and other categories of articles (philosophy, art, social issues, medical and health policies, biomedical history, etc.) will be taken under consideration.