Sources and Level of Rare Earth Element Contamination of Atmospheric Dust in Nigeria.

IF 2.4 Q1 Medicine
Journal of Health and Pollution Pub Date : 2021-06-17 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI:10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210611
Tesleem O Kolawole, Omowunmi S Olatunji, Olumuyiwa M Ajibade, Charles A Oyelami
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Background: Rare earth element (REE) composition of atmospheric dust has recently been used to trace potential sources of dust pollution.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the sources of atmospheric pollution in the study area using REE patterns and determine their level of pollution.

Methods: Twenty-five (25) atmospheric dust samples were collected in the study area, with five samples each from an industrial area, traffic area, dumpsite area, residential area and remote area in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. In addition, five (5) topsoil and two (2) rock samples (granite gneiss) were collected for comparison. Concentrations of REE were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results: The ratio of lanthanum/cerium (La/Ce), especially in some locations in industrial area (1.5), traffic area (1.5) and to some extent dumpsite area (1.1) was higher than in soil (0.2), upper continental crust (0.5) and the minimum value of fluid catalytic crackers (1.0). Generally, the respective average values of the ratios of La/praseodymium (Pr), La/neodymium (Nd) and La/samarium (Sm) in industrial area (32.1, 7.8 and 52.6) and traffic area (14.9, 4.4 and 26.8) were higher than their respective averages in soil (4.4, 1.1 and 6.2), rock (5.7, 1.9 and 14.1), upper continental crust (4.4, 1.1 and 6.6) and the minimum value in fluid catalytic crackers (5.8, 3.7 and 37.0). Meanwhile, their corresponding value in the dumpsite area, residential area and remote area were lower or similar to the geological background levels.

Discussion: The contamination factors of REEs in the atmospheric dust of the industrial area and traffic area were classified as heavily contaminated, especially with light lanthanoid elements in REE. The degree of contamination of REEs in the atmospheric dust of industrial area (30.9) and traffic area (18.8) fell within the considerable contamination category. The high values of the light lanthanoid ratio and the contamination indices were attributed to their emission from the fired-power plant and vehicular exhaust.

Conclusions: Most of the composition of the atmospheric dust was sourced from the local geology of the study area as observed in the residential area and remote area, while the contamination in the industrial area and traffic area was attributed to human activities.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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尼日利亚大气粉尘中稀土元素污染的来源和水平。
背景:近年来,大气粉尘的稀土元素(REE)组成已被用于追踪粉尘污染的潜在来源。目的:利用稀土元素模式确定研究区大气污染源及其污染程度。方法:在尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹市的工业区、交通区、垃圾场、居民区和偏远地区收集25份大气粉尘样本,各5份。此外,还收集了5(5)个表土和2(2)个岩石样品(花岗岩片麻岩)进行比较。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土元素浓度。结果:镧铈比(La/Ce),特别是在工业区(1.5)、交通区(1.5)和部分垃圾场(1.1)的某些地点,高于土壤(0.2)、上陆壳(0.5)和流体催化裂化装置的最小值(1.0)。总体而言,工业地区(32.1、7.8和52.6)和交通地区(14.9、4.4和26.8)的La/镨(Pr)、La/钕(Nd)和La/钐(Sm)比值的平均值高于土壤(4.4、1.1和6.2)、岩石(5.7、1.9和14.1)、上陆地壳(4.4、1.1和6.6)的平均值,流体催化裂化装置的最小值(5.8、3.7和37.0)。而垃圾场、居民区和偏远地区的相应值则低于或接近地质背景水平。讨论:工业区和交通区大气粉尘中稀土元素污染因子均为重度污染,稀土元素中镧系元素含量较轻。工业区域(30.9)和交通区域(18.8)大气粉尘中稀土元素的污染程度属于相当程度的污染。轻镧比和污染指数高的主要原因是火电厂和机动车尾气的排放。结论:居住区和偏远地区大气粉尘成分主要来源于研究区当地地质环境,而工业区和交通区大气粉尘成分主要来源于人类活动。利益竞争:作者声明没有经济利益竞争。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Health and Pollution
Journal of Health and Pollution Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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