Keerati Ponpetch, Berhanu Erko, Teshome Bekana, Lindsay Richards, Song Liang
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引用次数: 6
Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium with the former being widespread and more than 4 million people are estimated to be infected by S. mansoni annually with 35 million at risk of infection. Although many school- and community-based epidemiological surveys were conducted over the past decades, the national distribution of schistosomiasis endemic areas and associated socio-environmental determinants remain less well understood. In this paper, we review S. mansoni prevalence of infections and describe key biogeographical characteristics in the endemic areas in Ethiopia.
Methods: We developed a database of S. mansoni infection surveys in Ethiopia through a systematic review by searching articles published between 1975 and 2019 on electronic online databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. A total of 62 studies involving 95 survey locations were included in the analysis. We estimated adjusted prevalence of infection from each survey by considering sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using Bayesian approach. All survey locations were georeferenced and associated environmental and geographical characteristics (e.g. elevation, normalized difference vegetation index, soil properties, wealth index, and climatic data) were described using descriptive statistics and meta-analysis.
Results: The results showed that the surveys exhibited a wide range of adjusted prevalence of infections from 0.5% to 99.5%, and 36.8% of the survey sites had adjusted prevalence of infection higher than 50%. S. mansoni endemic areas were distributed in six regional states with the majority of surveys being in Amhara and Oromia. Endemic sites were found at altitudes from 847.6 to 3141.8 m above sea level, annual mean temperatures between 17.9 and 29.8 ℃, annual cumulative precipitation between 1400 and 1898 mm, normalized difference vegetation index between 0.03 and 0.8, wealth index score between -68 857 and 179 756; and sand, silt, and clay fraction in soil between 19.1-47.2, 23.0-36.7, and 20.0-52.8 g/100 g, respectively.
Conclusions: The distribution of S. mansoni endemic areas and prevalence of infections exhibit remarked environmental and ecological heterogeneities. Future research is needed to understand how much these heterogeneities drive the parasite distribution and transmission in the region.
背景：在埃塞俄比亚，血吸虫病是由曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫引起的，前者广泛存在，估计每年有400多万人感染曼氏血吸虫，3500万人面临感染风险。尽管在过去几十年中进行了许多学校和社区流行病学调查，但对血吸虫病流行地区的全国分布和相关的社会环境决定因素仍知之甚少。在这篇论文中，我们回顾了曼氏S.mansoni感染的流行情况，并描述了埃塞俄比亚流行地区的关键生物地理特征。方法：我们通过在PubMed、ScienceDirect和Web of Science等电子在线数据库上搜索1975年至2019年间发表的文章，通过系统回顾，开发了埃塞俄比亚曼氏血吸虫感染调查数据库。分析共包括62项研究，涉及95个调查地点。我们通过使用贝叶斯方法考虑诊断测试的敏感性和特异性，估计了每次调查的调整后感染率。对所有调查地点进行了地理参考，并使用描述性统计和荟萃分析描述了相关的环境和地理特征（如海拔、归一化差异植被指数、土壤特性、财富指数和气候数据）。结果：调查结果显示，调整后的感染率范围很广，从0.5%到99.5%不等，36.8%的调查地点的调整后感染率高于50%。曼氏血吸虫病流行区分布在六个地区州，大多数调查在阿姆哈拉州和奥罗米亚州。在海拔847.6至3141.8m的海拔高度，年平均气温在17.9至29.8℃之间，年累积降水量在1400至1898mm之间，归一化差异植被指数在0.03至0.8之间，财富指数得分在-68857至179756之间发现了地方病点；土壤中的沙子、淤泥和粘土含量分别在19.1-47.2、23.0-36.7和20.0-52.8 g/100 g之间。结论：曼氏血吸虫病流行区的分布和感染率表现出明显的环境和生态异质性。未来的研究需要了解这些异质性在多大程度上推动了寄生虫在该地区的分布和传播。
期刊介绍：
Infectious Diseases of Poverty is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. It covers a wide range of topics and methods, including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies, and their application.
The journal also explores the impact of transdisciplinary or multisectoral approaches on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technologies. It aims to provide a platform for the exchange of research and ideas that can contribute to the improvement of public health in resource-limited settings.
In summary, Infectious Diseases of Poverty aims to address the urgent challenges posed by infectious diseases in impoverished populations. By publishing high-quality research in various areas, the journal seeks to advance our understanding of these diseases and contribute to the development of effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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