[Mechanisms of action of Vibrio parahaemoltyicus cytotoxins].

Shigeaki Matsuda
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Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the Gram-negative common enteric pathogens, was first isolated in Japan in 1950. Since its discovery, this bacterium has been a major cause of food-poisoning in Japan, and its infection has recently undergone a global expansion. V. parahaemolyticus possesses a classical exotoxin, thermostable direct hemolysin, and two sets of type III secretion systems (T3SSs) that are able to inject effectors directly into host cells, which are its key virulence factors. Exotoxin/effector is exploited by many Gram-negative pathogens, and plays critical roles in pathogenesis by damaging host cells or by modulating host cell functions, through its activity on/in host cells. In recent years, functional activities of T3SS effectors produced by V. parahaemolyticus have been extensively studied, which has substantially increased our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the bacterium. In paricular, some T3SS effectors of V. parahaemolyticus act as cytotoxins and thereby damage host cells. Here, I focus on these cytotoxic effectors of V. parahaemolyticus and describe recent advances in our understanding of their mechanisms of action.

副溶血性弧菌细胞毒素的作用机制
副溶血性弧菌是一种常见的革兰氏阴性肠道病原体,于1950年在日本首次分离出来。自发现以来,这种细菌一直是日本食物中毒的主要原因,最近它的感染在全球范围内扩大。副溶血性弧菌具有经典的外毒素、耐热性直接溶血素和两套能够将效应器直接注入宿主细胞的III型分泌系统(t3ss),是其关键毒力因子。外毒素/效应物被许多革兰氏阴性病原体利用,并通过其在宿主细胞上/内的活性,通过破坏宿主细胞或调节宿主细胞功能,在发病过程中发挥关键作用。近年来,人们对副溶血性弧菌产生的T3SS效应物的功能活性进行了广泛的研究,这大大增加了我们对该细菌致病机制的认识。特别是,副溶血性弧菌的一些T3SS效应物作为细胞毒素,从而损害宿主细胞。在这里,我关注这些副溶血性弧菌的细胞毒性效应物,并描述我们对其作用机制的理解的最新进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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